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      <text bytes="9269" sha1="tc1biu50ntq126mkr6lh6lod3rw8lpb" xml:space="preserve">= JAPANESE CIVIL CODE OF 1896 =

* '''''Based on the English Translation by:''''' ''J. E. de Becker (1909 – 1910).'' Annotated Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth &amp; Co. [Available on Google Books and Archive.org: [https://books.google.co.th/books?id=IJ89AQAAIAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=th&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Volume 1], [https://books.google.co.th/books?id=-5hBAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=th&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Volume 2], [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Annotated_Civil_Code_of_Japan/7_oqAQAAMAAJ?hl=th&amp;gbpv=0 Volume 3], [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Annotated_Civil_Code_of_Japan/3_8qAQAAMAAJ?hl=th&amp;gbpv=0 Volume 4]]
* '''''"INDEX TO ARTICLES'''''" in his another work offers additional information: ''J. E. de Becker (1921).'' The Principles and Practice of Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth &amp; Co. [Available on [https://archive.org/details/cu31924025036025/mode/2up Archive.org]]
* [[明治29年法律第89号|Original Version in Japanese.]]

== BOOK I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. ==

=== Chapter I. Persons. ===

==== [[Book1 Chapter01 Title01|Title I. Enjoyment of Private Rights.]] ====

* Arts. 1 – 2.

==== [[Book1 Chapter01 Title02|Title II. Capacity.]] ====

* Arts. 3 – 20.

==== [[Book1 Chapter01 Title03|Title III. Domicile.]] ====

* Arts. 21 – 24.

==== [[Book1 Chapter01 Title04|Title IV. Disappearance.]] ====

* Arts. 25 – 32.

=== Chapter II. Juridical Persons. ===

==== [[Book1 Chapter02 Title01|Title I. Creation of Juridical Persons.]] ====

* Arts. 33 – 51.

==== [[Book1 Chapter02 Title02|Title II. Management of Juridical Persons.]] ====

* Arts. 52 – 67.

==== [[Book1 Chapter02 Title03|Title III. Dissolution of a Juridical Person.]] ====

* Arts. 68 – 83.

==== [[Book1 Chapter02 Title04|Title IV. Penalties.]] ====

* Art. 84.

=== [[Book1 Chapter03|Chapter III. Things.]] ===

* Arts. 85 – 89.

=== Chapter IV. Juristic Acts ===

==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Arts. 90 – 92.

==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title02|Title II. Expression of Intention.]] ====

* Arts. 93 – 98.

==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title03|Title III. Representation.]] ====

* Arts. 99 – 118.

==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title04|Title IV. Void and Voidable Acts.]] ====

* Arts. 119 – 126.

==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title05|Title V. Conditions and Limitation of Time.]] ====

* Arts. 127 – 137.

=== [[Book1 Chapter05|Chapter V. Period of Time.]] ===

* Arts. 138 – 143.

=== Chapter VI. Prescription. ===

==== [[Book1 Chapter06 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Arts. 144 – 161.

==== [[Book1 Chapter06 Title02|Title II. Acquisitive Prescription.]] ====

* Arts. 162 – 165.

==== [[Book1 Chapter06 Title03|Title III. Extinctive Prescription.]] ====

* Arts. 166 – 174.

== BOOK II. REAL RIGHTS. ==

=== [[Book2 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ===

*Arts. 175 – 179.

=== Chapter II. Possessory Rights. ===

==== [[Book2 Chapter02 Title01|Title I. Acquisition of Possessory Rights.]] ====

*Arts. 180 – 187.

==== [[Book2 Chapter02 Title02|Title II. Validity of Possessory Rights.]] ====

*Arts. 188 – 202.

==== [[Book2 Chapter02 Title03|Title III. Extinction of Possessory Rights.]] ====

*Arts. 203 – 204.

==== [[Book2 Chapter02 Title04|Title IV. Quasi-Possession.]] ====

*Art. 205.

=== Chapter III. Ownership. ===

==== [[Book2 Chapter03 Title01|Title I. Extent of Ownership.]] ====

*Arts. 206 – 238.

==== [[Book2 Chapter03 Title02|Title II. Acquisition of Ownership.]] ====

*Arts. 239 – 248.

==== [[Book2 Chapter03 Title03|Title III. Joint Ownership.]] ====

*Arts. 249 – 264.

=== [[Book2 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Superficies.]] ===

*Arts. 265 – 269.

=== [[Book2 Chapter05|Chapter V. Emphyteusis.]] ===

*Arts. 270 – 279.

=== [[Book2 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Servitudes.]] ===

*Arts. 280 – 294.

=== [[Book2 Chapter07|Chapter VII. Liens.]] ===

*Arts. 295 – 302.

=== Chapter VIII. Preferential Rights. ===

==== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====

*Arts. 303 – 305.

==== Title II. Classes of Preferential Rights. ====

===== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title02 Part01|Part I. General Preferential Rights.]] =====

*Arts. 306 – 310.

===== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title02 Part02|Part II. Preferential Rights in Movables.]] =====

*Arts. 311 – 324.

===== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title02 Part03|Part III. Preferential Rights in Immovables.]] =====

*Arts. 325 – 328.

==== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title03|Title III. Ranks of Preferential Rights.]] ====

*Arts. 329 – 332.

==== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title04|Title IV. Effect of Preferential Rights.]] ====

*Arts. 333 – 341.

=== Chapter IX. Pledge (PIGNUS). ===

==== [[Book2 Chapter09 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====

*Arts. 342 – 351.

==== [[Book2 Chapter09 Title02|Title II. Pledges of Movables.]] ====

*Arts. 352 – 355.

==== [[Book2 Chapter09 Title03|Title III. Pledges of Immovables.]] ====

*Arts. 356 – 361.

==== [[Book2 Chapter09 Title04|Title IV. Pledges of Rights.]] ====

*Arts. 362 – 368.

=== Chapter X. Mortgages (HYPOTHECA). ===

==== [[Book2 Chapter10 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====

*Arts. 369 – 372.

==== [[Book2 Chapter10 Title02|Title II. Effect of Mortgage.]] ====

*Arts. 373 – 395.

==== [[Book2 Chapter10 Title03|Title III. Extinction of Mortgages.]] ====

*Arts. 396 – 398.

== BOOK III. OBLIGATIONS (or CLAIMS). ==

=== Chapter I. General Provisions. ===

==== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title01|Title I. Subjects of Obligations.]] ====

*Arts. 399 – 411.

==== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title02|Title II. Effect of Obligations.]] ====

*Arts. 412 – 426.

==== Title III. Obligations with a Plurality of Parties. ====

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title03 Part01|Part. I. General Provisions.]] =====

*Art. 427.

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title03 Part02|Part II. Indivisible Obligations.]] =====

*Arts. 428 – 431.

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title03 Part03|Part III. Joint Obligations.]] =====

*Arts. 432 – 445.

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title03 Part04|Part IV. Suretyship.]] =====

*Arts. 446 – 465.

==== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title04|Title IV. Assignment of Obligations.]] ====

*Arts. 466 – 473.

==== Title V. Extinction of Obligations. ====

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part01|Part I. Performance.]] =====

*Arts. 474 – 504.

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part02|Part II. Set-off (Compensatio).]] =====

*Arts. 505 – 512.

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part03|Part III. Novation (Novatio).]] =====

*Arts. 513 – 518.

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part04|Part IV. Remission (Release).]] =====

*Art. 519.

===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part05|Part V. Confusion (Confusio).]] =====

*Art. 520.

=== Chapter II. Contracts. ===

==== Title I. General Provisions. ====

===== [[Book3 Chapter02 Title01 Part01|Part I. Formation of a Contract.]] =====

*Arts. 521 – 522.

===== [[Book3 Chapter02 Title01 Part02|Part II. Effect of a Contract.]] =====

*Arts. 523 – 539.

===== [[Book3 Chapter02 Title01 Part03|Part III. Rescission of a Contract (Resolutio).]] =====

*Arts. 540 – 548.

==== Title II. Gift (Donatio). ====

*Arts. 549 – 554.

==== Title III. Sale (Emptio venditio). ====

===== Part I. General Provisions. =====

*Arts. 555 – 559.

===== Part II. Effect of a Sale. =====

*Arts. 560 – 578.

===== Part III. Re-purchase (Pactum de retroemendo). =====

*Arts. 579 – 585.

==== Title IV. Exchange (Recum permutatio). ====

*Art. 586.

==== Title V. Loans for Consumption (Mutuum). ====

*Arts. 587 – 592.

==== Title VI. Loans for Use (Commodatum). ====

*Arts. 593 – 600.

==== Title VII. Hiring of Things (Locatio conductio rei). ====

===== Part I. General Provisions. =====

*Arts. 601 – 604.

===== Part II. Effect of a Hiring of Things. =====

*Arts. 605 – 616.

===== Part III. Termination of a Hiring of Things. =====

*Arts. 617 – 622.

==== Title VIII. Hiring of Services (Locatio conductio operarum). ====

*Arts. 623 – 631.

==== Title IX. Contract Work (Locatio conductio operis). ====

*Arts. 632 – 642.

==== Title X. Mandate (Mandatum). ====

*Arts. 643 – 656.

==== Title XI. Deposit (Depositum). ====

*Arts. 657 – 666.

==== Title XII. Partnerships (Societas). ====

*Arts. 667 – 688.

==== Title XIII. Life-Annuities. ====

*Arts. 689 – 694.

==== Title XIV. Compromise (Compromissum). ====

*Arts. 695 – 696.

=== [[Book3 Chapter03|Chapter III. Business Management (Negoriorum gestlio).]] ===

*Arts. 697 – 702.

=== [[Book3 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Unjust Enrichment.]] ===

*Arts. 703 – 708.

=== [[Book3 Chapter05|Chapter V. Unlawful Acts or "Torts" (Delicta).]] ===

*Arts. 709 – 724.

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