Thai Codification Draft of 1919 - User contributions [en]

Book3 Division04 Title04 Chapter02

2025-07-29T12:20:20Z

Codesuser: /* Section 167. */

Book3 Division04 Title04 Chapter01

2025-07-29T12:20:00Z

Codesuser: /* Section 154. */

Book3 Division04 Title03

2025-07-29T12:17:06Z

Codesuser: /* Section 149. */

Book3 Division03 Title02

2025-07-29T12:16:25Z

Codesuser: /* Section 110. */

Book3 Division02 Title05

2025-07-29T12:15:47Z

Codesuser: /* Section 78. */

= DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. =

* The today existing (probably) only copy of its publication is in possession of [https://librarykoha.bu.ac.th/cgi-bin/koha/opac-main.pl '''the main library of Bangkok University''']. The detailed information and images of the original sources are available on [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/ the Centennial Website].
* The detailed information about the genealogical relations between the Draft 1919, Codes of 1923, Codes of 1925, and Code of 1992 is available at the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Resources/01_French-Heritage_20190720.pdf "French Advisers' Heritage"].

== BOOK ON THINGS. ==

=== '''DIVISION II. Ownership.''' ===

==== TITLE V. Expropriation. ====

====== '''Section 73.''' ======
* Lands and any other immovable properties which are required by the Government for national use or public works shall be subject to expropriation, that is to say to a compulsory purchase according to the provisions of the present Title.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 74.''' ======
* [I] When the construction of a public work is decided without the exact area or tract being finally surveyed, a decree may be issued to mark out a zone within the limits of which the public work is likely to be constructed.
* [II] Such decree shall be valid for two years or for such other period stated therein which may be deemed necessary for the completion of the final survey. It shall specify the Ministry or Department (hereafter to be referred to as the Ministry or Department in charge) which is competent for the execution of the scheme.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 75.''' ======
* During the period of validity of the zone decree the officials of the Ministry or Department in charge are entitled to make on the properties of any person all the operations which may be necessary for a complete survey, such as to take measurements, to put up stakes in the ground, to collect samples of stones, sand or other material, etc. provided that the owners or lawful occupants of such properties shall receive compensation for any injury resulting from such operations of survey.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 76.''' ======
* [I] When the final survey, or a part thereof, is completed, a special decree shall authorize expropriation and state:
* (1) the purpose for which such expropriation is authorized,
* (2) the lands and other immovables subject to expropriation and the places or districts where they are situated,
* (3) the Ministry or Department in charge of the expropriation.
* [II] A map or plan showing the boundaries of the land required for national use or for the construction of public works and the boundaries of each separate piece of land partly or wholly subject to expropriation shall be annexed to such decree.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 77.''' ======
* The decree shall be published in the Government Gazette.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 78.''' ======
* A certified copy of the decree with the map annexed thereto shall be deposited:
** (1) at the offices of the Ministry or Department in charge ;
** (2) at the offices of the Provinces, Townships and other local authorities in which the lands and other immovables subject to expropriation are situated ;
** (3) at the offices of the land-record in the provinces in which the lands and other immovables subject to expropriation are situated.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 79.''' ======
* [I] On and after the date of the publication of the decree in the Government Gazette, the ownership of the lands and other immovables specified in the decree is vested in the Ministry or Department in charge, but such Ministry or Department shall have the right to take possession thereof only on payment or deposit of an indemnity, in the manner hereinafter provided.
* [II] On and after the same date, if any person having a right on the said lands and other immovables disposes of such right in favour of a third person, the latter can exercise the transferred right only against the indemnity.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 80.''' ======
* Indemnity shall be granted:
** (1) to the owner of a land subject to expropriation;
** (2) to the owner of a building existing on such land on the day when the zone decree was promulgated or erected afterwards with special authorization ;
** (3) to the lessee of the land or building subject to expropriation, provided the lease be in writing and executed before the date of the promulgation of the zone decree, or after such date with special authorization, and be not determined on or before the day when the Ministry or Department in .charge takes possession of the land or building. But indemnity in the case of such a lease shall only include the injury actually suffered by the lessee on account of his being obliged to vacate the land or building before the time fixed in the lease;
** (4) to the owner of any fruit trees or plantation existing on the said land on the day when the zone decree was promulgated or put up afterwards with special authorization ;
** (5) to the owner of any removable building existing on the said land on the day when the zone decree was promulgated ; but indemnity in this case shall only include the expenses of removing and re-erecting the building.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 81.''' ======
* When part only of a building is subject to expropriation, the owner may require that such extra part of the said building which cannot be used afterwards be also expropriated.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 82.''' ======
* When, in consequence of expropriation, a piece of land is to be reduced to less than one third of its original area, and such third contains less than one hundred square meters, the owner may require that the whole piece of land be expropriated, provided such third be not directly contiguous to any other piece of land belonging to the same owner.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 83.''' ======
* [I] The indemnity due for the ownership of any piece of land or building shall be equivalent to the value of the land or building on the day when the zone decree or the expropriation decree if there has been no zone decree, was promulgated, according to the market price and to the special circumstances of each particular case.
* [II] When part only of a piece of land or building is expropriated, a specific indemnity shall be allowed for the depreciation, if any, of the remaining part of the property.
* [III] When the owner is residing on a land or living in a building subject to expropriation, or carries thereon a lawful trade or business, indemnity shall be granted for the injury, if any, actually suffered by him on account of his being obliged to give up possession of such land or building.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 84.''' ======
* When the construction of the public works is such as to produce a special and immediate increase in the value of any remaining part of the property, such increase shall be deducted from the indemnity. But in no case shall such increase be considered to exceed the indemnity due so that the expropriated party be declared liable for a balance in money.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 85.''' ======
* No indemnity shall be allowed for the increase of value derived from:
** (1) any buildings, additions, plantations, improvements or leases when they have been made without special authorization granted by the Ministry or Department in charge after the date of the promulgation of the zone decree (due exception being made in case of cultivation of paddy or garden land in the ordinary course of husbandry);
** (2) any such buildings, additions, plantations, improvements or leases which appear to have been made fraudulently before the date of the promulgation of the zone decree for the only purpose of obtaining an indemnity.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 86.''' ======
* [I] Within three months from the date when the decree of expropriation has been published, and on application of the Ministry or Department in charge, a Commission shall be appointed by His Majesty's Government to consist of two members, one being an official of the Ministry or Department in charge, the other an official of either the Ministry responsible for the local administration, or the Ministry of Agriculture, as may seem fit.
* [II] The duty of such Commission shall be to inspect the lands and other immovables subject to expropriation and to try and fix amicably the amount of the indemnity.
* [III] The names of the Expropriation Commissioners and the specification of the districts in which they shall discharge their duties shall be published in the Government Gazette.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 87.''' ======
* The Local Authorities shall cause the substance of the decree of expropriation to be made known to the inhabitants of the districts concerned by posting a notice at their office, and by any means of publicity in in their power. The said local authorities shall further make known that any person claiming any right or interest on any land or other immovable subject to expropriation must present his claim to the Expropriation Commissioners within a period of one month from the notice.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 88.''' ======
* [I] The Expropriation Commissioners shall examine the claims brought before them, either verbally or in writing, in accordance with the foregoing section.
* [II] In case of any dispute as to the ownership of lands and other immovables, they shall try and settle it amicably.
* [III] Thereupon, the Expropriation Commissioners shall make a record of all the claims of ownership or otherwise for which indemnity may be due, distinguishing between claims of the persons whose rights are undisputed, and of those whose rights are disputed.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 89.''' ======
* The Expropriation Commissioners shall then negotiate with the persons whose rights are not disputed, and try to settle amicably the amount of the indemnity to be paid.
** (1) In case an agreement is come to, the terms and conditions thereof shall be reduced into writing and signed by both parties in the presence of a witness. On payment of the indemnity agreed upon, the Ministry or Department in charge shall have the right to take possession of the land or other immovable
** (2) In case no agreement is come to, the Ministry or Department in charge shall notify in writing its final offer to the other party. Should such offer not be accepted within ten days from date of notification, each party shall have the right to appoint an arbitrator; and, in the case where such arbitrators cannot come to an agreement, the arbitrators shall either appoint an umpire or apply to the Court to have an umpire appointed by it, subject to the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 90.''' ======
* [I] When a person who is presumed to be entitled to indemnity as owner of any land or other immovable cannot be found, the Expropriation Commissioners shall fix the amount of the indemnity as they think fit, and deposit such sum in a Law Court. On such deposit being made, the Ministry or Department in charge shall have the right to take possession of the land or other immovable.
* [II] If within six months from the date of the deposit, the owner lays claim to the property and refuses to accept the sum fixed by the Expropriation Commissioners, arbitrators shall be appointed as provided by the foregoing section.
* [III] After six months have elapsed, the owner shall have no other option than to accept the indemnity deposited as aforesaid in full satisfaction of all claims and demands.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 91.''' ======
* [I] When (before payment to a party entitled to indemnity, or before the expiration of the period of six months provided in the foregoing section) any dispute arises as to the ownership of the property subject to expropriation, or as to the assignment or division of the indemnity, the Expropriation Commissioners or the Ministry or Department in charge as the case may be, shall try and settle amicably with all the parties in dispute the amount of indemnity.
** (1) In case an agreement is come to regarding the amount of the indemnity, the amount so agreed upon shall be deposited in a Law Court. On such deposit being made, the Ministry or Department in charge shall have the right to take possession of the property.
** (2) In case no agreement is come to regarding the amount of the indemnity, the Ministry or Department in charge shall notify its final offer in writing to the parties in dispute. Should such offer not be accepted by all the parties in dispute within ten days from date of the notification each party shall have the right to appoint an arbitrator; and, in the case where such arbitrators cannot come to an agreement the arbitrators shall either appoint an umpire or apply to the Court to have an umpire appointed by it, subject to the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code.
* [II] When the dispute arises after payment to a party entitled to indemnity or after the expiration of the period of six months provided in the foregoing section, claims can be exercised only against the persons who received the indemnity or in whose names the deposit was made.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 92.''' ======
* In case the amount of indemnity is to be settled by arbitration, the Court shall, on application made at any time by the Ministry or Department in charge, authorize such Ministry or Department to take possession of the land or other immovable; subject to the deposit of such sum as the Court think likely sufficient to secure the payment of indemnity.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 93.''' ======
* If the party entitled to indemnity refuses to receive it as fixed by agreement or by arbitration, the Ministry or Department in charge shall have the right to take possession of the land or other immovable on depositing the amount of such indemnity in a Law Court.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

====== '''Section 94.''' ======
* If the owner or occupant of the land or other immovable refuses to let the Ministry or Department in charge take possession thereof when it is entitled by this Title to do so, the Court shall, on application of the said Ministry or Department, issue an Order of ejectment to be enforced at once, without prejudice to any judicial proceedings which may be instituted by the owner or occupant.

'''《References indicated by the drafters》'''
# Siamese law: -
# French Civil Code: -
# German Civil Code: -
# Japanese Civil Code: -
# Swiss Civil Code: -
# Miscellaneous : -

Book3 Division02 Title02

2025-07-29T12:11:23Z

Codesuser: /* Section 49. */

Book3 Division02 Title01 Chapter02

2025-07-29T12:10:41Z

Codesuser: /* Section 38. */

Book3 Division02 Title01 Chapter01

2025-07-29T12:10:16Z

Codesuser: /* Section 19. */

Book3 Division01 Title02

2025-07-29T12:09:44Z

Codesuser: /* Section 12. */

Book3 Division01 Title01

2025-07-29T12:09:05Z

Codesuser: /* Section 3. */

Book2 Division02 Title02

2025-07-29T12:08:26Z

Codesuser: /* Section 106. */

Book2 Division02 Title01

2025-07-29T12:07:26Z

Codesuser: /* Section 99. */

Book2 Division01 Title02 Chapter03 03

2025-07-29T12:06:58Z

Codesuser: /* Section 94. */

Book2 Division01 Title02 Chapter02 03

2025-07-29T12:06:32Z

Codesuser: /* Section 80. */

Book2 Division01 Title02 Chapter02 02

2025-07-29T12:05:58Z

Codesuser: /* Section 55. */

Book2 Division01 Title02 Chapter02 01

2025-07-29T12:05:05Z

Codesuser: /* Section 41. */

Book2 Division01 Title01 Chapter06

2025-07-29T12:04:35Z

Codesuser: /* Section 30. */

Book1 Division07 Title23

2025-07-29T12:02:23Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1432. */

= DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. =

* The today existing (probably) only copy of its publication is in possession of [https://librarykoha.bu.ac.th/cgi-bin/koha/opac-main.pl '''the main library of Bangkok University''']. The detailed information and images of the original sources are available on [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/ the Centennial Website].
* The detailed information about the genealogical relations between the Draft 1919, Codes of 1923, Codes of 1925, and Code of 1992 is available at the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Resources/01_French-Heritage_20190720.pdf "French Advisers' Heritage"].

== BOOK ON OBLIGATIONS. ==

=== '''DIVISION VII. SPECIFIC CONTRACTS.''' ===

==== TITLE XXIII. Associations. ====

====== '''Section 1430.''' ======
* A contract of association is a contract whereby several persons agree to unite for a common undertaking other than that of sharing profits.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1274 1274]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0078 78]

====== '''Section 1431.''' ======
* Every association must have regulations and must be registered.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1275 1275]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0078 78]

====== '''Section 1432.''' ======
* The regulations must specify at least:
** (1) The name of the association.
** (2) Its object.
** (3) The address of its principal office.
** (4) Rules for the admission and exclusion of members.
** (5) Rules for the management of the association by committees, directors or otherwise.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1276 1276]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0079 79]

====== '''Section 1433.''' ======
* The application for registration must be made in writing and signed by three of the members of the association at least. It must be accompanied by three copies of the regulations.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1277 1277]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0081 81]

====== '''Section 1434.''' ======
* The offices for the registration of associations shall be established by regulations issued by the Minister responsible for the local administration.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1297 1297]
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0109 109]

====== '''Section 1435.''' ======
* The Registration must be made at the Registration office of that part of the Kingdom where the principal office of the association is situated. Any alterations subsequently made in the registered particulars, as well as any other matters ordered to be registered by this Title must be registered at the same place.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1278 1278]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0081 81], [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0084 84], [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0085 85(I)]

====== '''Section 1436.''' ======
* The entry in the register must specify:
** (1) The name of the association.
** (2) Its object.
** (3) The address of its principal office.
** (4) The names, addresses and occupations of the person or persons entrusted with its management.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1279 1279]'''''
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1437.''' ======
* The registration shall be granted if the documents and particulars mentioned in Sections 1432 and 1436 are produced and if the persons entrusted with management of the association appear to be responsible persons whose standing corresponds to the object and importance of the association.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1280 1280]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0085 85(II)]

====== '''Section 1438.''' ======
* Every person may inspect the documents kept by the Registrar or require a certificate of the registration of any association, or a certified copy or extract of any other document, to be delivered to him by the Registrar, on payment of such fee as may be prescribed by the Regulations issued by the Minister responsible for the local administration.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1281 1281]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0108 108]

====== '''Section 1439.''' ======
* Upon registration being made, the managers shall be entitled to a certificate of registration.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1282 1282(II)]
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1440.''' ======
* Upon registration being made, the association is formed as a juristic person, distinct from the persons of whom it is composed.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1282 1282(I)]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0083 83]

====== '''Section 1441.''' ======
* [I] Unless otherwise provided by the regulations. no alterations of or additions to the regulations of an Association can be made, except by a resolution passed by a majority of the members of the association.
* [II] Three copies of every such addition or alteration must be deposited for registration within fourteen days from the date of the resolution.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1283 1283]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0084 84]

====== '''Section 1442.''' ======
* [I] Any change in the person or persons entrusted with the management of the association shall be registered within fourteen days from the date of the change.
* [II] The Registrar may refuse to register the change if he is not satisfied that the new manager or managers are responsible persons as defined by Section 1437.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1284 1284]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0085 85]

====== '''Section 1443.''' ======
* An association is represented in its relations with third persons by the person or persons entrusted with its management.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1285 1285]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0087 87]

====== '''Section 1444.''' ======
* The relations between an association, the person or persons entrusted with its management, and third persons, are governed by the provisions of this Code concerning Agency.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1286 1286]'''''
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1445.''' ======
* An association is jointly liable with the wrongdoer for the consequences of the wrongful acts which any of its members or managers may commit in pursuance of their common undertaking.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1287 1287]'''''
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1446.''' ======
* If the members of an association have to pay subscriptions, the whole of each subscription is due as soon as the period to which it applies has begun.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1288 1288]
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0090 90]

====== '''Section 1447.''' ======
* The membership in an association is not transferable.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1448.''' ======
* Every member of an association is entitled to withdraw at any time from the association, provided he pays such subscriptions as may be due by him at that time.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1289 1289]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0091 91]

====== '''Section 1449.''' ======
* Unless otherwise provided by the regulations, the liability of each member to the association is limited to the amount of the subscriptions due by him.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1290 1290]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0092 92]

====== '''Section 1450.''' ======
* The creditors of an association cannot enter actions against the members of such association for obtaining performance of obligations incurred by the association.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1451.''' ======
* If a resolution has been passed by an association contrary to its regulations or contrary to law, the Court shall cancel such resolution on the application of any member or of the Public Prosecutor, provided that an application by a member shall not be made later than one month from the date of the resolution.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1291 1291]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0100 100]

====== '''Section 1452.''' ======
* An association is dissolved:
** (1) In the cases, if any, provided by its regulations,
** (2) If formed for a definite period of time, by the expiration of such period.
** (3) If formed for a single undertaking, by the termination of such undertaking.
** (4) By a resolution to dissolve passed by the association in general meeting.
** (5) By the association becoming bankrupt.
** (6) By a decree published in the Government Gazette, as provided by Section 1453.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1292 1292]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0101 101]

====== '''Section 1453.''' ======
* The Government may, by decree, order an association to be dissolved in any of the following cases:
** (1) If the object of the association is or becomes unlawful.
** (2) If, for any reason whatsoever, the association cannot be any more managed.
** (3) If the association appears to be managed by persons other than the registered managers.
** (4) If it appears that the association is or may become a danger to the public peace.
** (5) If the association or any of its members or managers acts contrary to law.
** (6) If the person or persons proposed to be registered as managers are not responsible persons whose standing corresponds to the object and importance of the association.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1293 1293]
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0102 102], [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0103 103]

====== '''Section 1454.''' ======
* If an association is dissolved under section 1453, the Government shall appoint a liquidator or liquidators of the association.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0106 106]

====== '''Section 1455.''' ======
* Sections 1385 to 1388, 1389 No. 1, 1390, 1393 to 1400, 1403, 1405 1407, 1408 and 1409 of Title XXII concerning Partnerships and Companies apply to the liquidation of associations, mutatis mutandis.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1294 1294]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0106 106]

====== '''Section 1456.''' ======
* The liquidators can require the members to pay the subscriptions which were due by them at the time of dissolution.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1457.''' ======
* After liquidation, the remaining assets, if any, cannot be distributed among the members of the association. They shall be transferred to such other juristic person as may have been designated by the regulations or by the association in general meeting.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1295 1295]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0107 107]

====== '''Section 1458.''' ======
* If no juristic person has been designated by the regulations or by the association in general meeting, the remaining assets become the property of the State.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1296 1296]'''''
# Codes of 1992: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2535_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_0107 107]

====== '''Section 1459.''' ======
* If the notifications prescribed by this Title XXIII are not made to the Registrar within the proper time, the association shall be punished with fine not exceeding five baht for every day during which such default continues.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1460.''' ======
* [I] Whoever is a member of a non-registered association shall be punished with fine not exceeding five hundred baht.
* [II] The person or persons entrusted with the management of such an association shall be punished with fine not exceeding one thousand baht, or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1461.''' ======
* [I] Whoever continues being a member of an association, after publication of a decree for its dissolution shall be punished with fine not exceeding one thousand baht, or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both.
* [II] Whoever continues being a manager of such an association shall be punished with fine not exceeding two thousand baht, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1462.''' ======
* Whoever is found guilty of recidive [=recidivism] within one year, the prior and subsequent offences coming under the provisions of this Title, shall be liable to double the punishment prescribed for the subsequent offence.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: -

====== '''Section 1463.''' ======
* The provisions of this Code concerning Associations shall apply without prejudice to the punishment prescribed for any person being a member of a secret society or criminal association, as provided by Sections 177 to 182 of the Penal Code.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Codes of 1992: -

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter05

2025-07-29T12:01:14Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1384. */

= DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. =

* The today existing (probably) only copy of its publication is in possession of [https://librarykoha.bu.ac.th/cgi-bin/koha/opac-main.pl '''the main library of Bangkok University''']. The detailed information and images of the original sources are available on [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/ the Centennial Website].
* The detailed information about the genealogical relations between the Draft 1919, Codes of 1923, Codes of 1925, and Code of 1992 is available at the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Resources/01_French-Heritage_20190720.pdf "French Advisers' Heritage"].

== BOOK ON OBLIGATIONS. ==

=== '''DIVISION VII. SPECIFIC CONTRACTS.''' ===

==== TITLE XXII. Partnerships and Companies. ====

===== Chapter V. Liquidation of Registered Partnerships, Limited Partnerships and Limited Companies. =====

====== '''Section 1383.''' ======
* [I] The liquidation of a bankrupt registered partnership or limited partnership or limited company shall be made, as far as practicable, in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Bankruptcy for the time being in force.
* [II] Regulations for the liquidation of partnerships and companies may be issued by the Minister of Justice.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1247 1247]'''''

====== '''Section 1384.''' ======
* When a general meeting is prescribed in this Chapter, this means:
** (1) As to registered partnerships and limited partnerships, a meeting of all the partners, in which a majority of votes decides.
** (2) As to limited companies, the general meeting provided by section 1304.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1248 1248]'''''

====== '''Section 1385.''' ======
* A partnership or company is deemed to continue after its dissolution as far as it is necessary for the purpose of liquidation.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1249 1249]'''''

====== '''Section 1386.''' ======
* The duties of the liquidators are to settle the affairs of the partnership or company, to pay its debts and to distribute its assets.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1250 1250]'''''

====== '''Section 1387.''' ======
* [I] Upon dissolution of a partnership or company for any other cause than bankruptcy, the managing partners or directors become liquidators unless otherwise provided by the contract of partnership or by the regulations of the company.
* [II] If there are no persons to be liquidators under the preceding provision, a liquidator or liquidators shall be appointed by the Court upon the application of any interested person.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1251 1251]'''''

====== '''Section 1388.''' ======
* The managing partners or directors retain as liquidators the same respective powers which they had as managing partners or directors.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1252 1252]'''''

====== '''Section 1389.''' ======
* Within fourteen days after the date of dissolution (or, in case of liquidators appointed by the Court, after the date of appointment), the liquidators must:
** (1) Notify the public by two successive advertisements in a local paper that the partnership or company is dissolved and that its creditors must apply for payment to the liquidators, and
** (2) Send a similar notice by registered letter to each creditor whose name appears in the books or documents of the partnership or company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1253 1253]'''''

====== '''Section 1390.''' ======
* The dissolution of the partnership or company and the names of the liquidators must be registered within fourteen days after the date of dissolution by the liquidators.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1254 1254]'''''

====== '''Section 1391.''' ======
* The liquidators must, as soon as possible, make a balance-sheet and have it examined and certified by the auditors, and must summon a general meeting.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1255 1255]'''''

====== '''Section 1392.''' ======
* [I] The business of the general meeting is:
** (1) To confirm the directors as liquidators, or to appoint other liquidators in their stead, and
** (2) To examine the balance-sheet.
* [II] The general meeting may direct the liquidators to make an inventory or to do whatever the meeting may deem advisable for the settlement of the affairs of the partnership or company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1256 1256]'''''

====== '''Section 1393.''' ======
* Liquidators not appointed by the Court may be removed and superseded by a unanimous vote of the partners or by a general meeting of the shareholders. Liquidators either appointed by the Court or not may be removed and superseded by the Court on the request of one of the partners or of the shareholders representing one twentieth part of the paid up capital of the company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1257 1257]'''''

====== '''Section 1394.''' ======
* Any change amongst the liquidators must be registered, within fourteen days after the date of change, by the liquidators.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1258 1258]'''''

====== '''Section 1395.''' ======
* The liquidators have power:
** (1) To bring or defend any legal proceeding, civil or criminal, and to make compromises, in the name of the partnership or company.
** (2) To carry on the business of the partnership or company, as far as may be necessary for a beneficial settlement of the affairs.
** (3) To sell the movable and immovable property of the partnership or company.
** (4) To do all other acts as may be necessary for a beneficial settlement of the liquidation.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1259 1259]'''''

====== '''Section 1396.''' ======
* No limitation of the power of the liquidators is valid as against third persons.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1260 1260]'''''

====== '''Section 1397.''' ======
* Unless otherwise fixed by the general meeting or by the Court at the time of the appointment of the liquidators, no act of the liquidators is valid except if done by them jointly.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1261 1261]'''''

====== '''Section 1398.''' ======
* A resolution of a general meeting or a decision of the Court authorising a liquidator or liquidators to act separately must be registered within fourteen days from its date.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1262 1262]'''''

====== '''Section 1399.''' ======
* All costs, charges and expenses properly incurred in the liquidation must be paid by the liquidators in preference to other debts.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1263 1263]'''''

====== '''Section 1400.''' ======
* If a creditor does not apply for payment, the liquidators must deposit the amount due to him as described by the provisions of this Code concerning deposit in lieu of performance.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1264 1264]'''''

====== '''Section 1401.''' ======
* The liquidators can require the partners or shareholders to pay such part of their contributions or shares as may be still unpaid.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1265 1265]'''''

====== '''Section 1402.''' ======
* Such part must be paid at once, even if it was previously agreed by the contract of partnership or the regulations of the company that it would be called for at a later period.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1265 1265]'''''

====== '''Section 1403.''' ======
* If the liquidators find that after the whole of the contributions or shares has been paid up, the assets shall be insufficient to meet the liabilities, they must apply at once to the Court to have the partnership or company declared bankrupt.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1266 1266]'''''

====== '''Section 1404.''' ======
* The liquidators must deposit every three months at the Registration Office a report of their dealings, showing the situation of the accounts of the liquidation. Such report shall be open gratuitously for inspection to the partners, shareholders, or creditors.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1267 1267]'''''

====== '''Section 1405.''' ======
* If the liquidation continues for more than one year, the liquidators must summon a general meeting at the end of each year from the beginning of the liquidation, and must lay before this meeting a report of their dealings and a detailed account of the situation.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1268 1268]'''''

====== '''Section 1406.''' ======
* Only so much of the property of the partnership or company may be divided amongst the partners or shareholders as is not required for performing all the obligations of the partnership or company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1269 1269]'''''

====== '''Section 1407.''' ======
* [I] As soon as the affairs of the partnership or company are fully liquidated, the liquidators must call a general meeting before which they must lay an account showing the manner in which the liquidation has been conducted.
* [II] After the account is approved, the proceedings of the meeting must be registered, within fourteen days from its date, by the liquidators.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1270 1270]'''''

====== '''Section 1408.''' ======
* [I] The books, accounts and documents of the liquidated partnership or company shall be deposited at the same time with the Registrar who shall keep them during ten years after the end of the liquidation.
* [II] All interested persons shall be allowed to consult them there gratuitously.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1271 1271]'''''

====== '''Section 1409.''' ======
* The obligations incurred by:
** (1) The partnership or company,
** (2) The partners or shareholders as such,
** (3) The liquidators as such,
* are extinguished by prescription two years after the registration of the end of the liquidation.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1272 1272]

====== '''Section 1410.''' ======
* The provisions of Sections 1305 to 1327, 1330 and 1342 apply to general meetings held during liquidation, mutatis mutandis.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1273 1273]'''''

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter04 Part08

2025-07-29T11:59:12Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1374. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter04 Part07

2025-07-29T11:58:42Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1370. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter04 Part06

2025-07-29T11:58:14Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1359. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter04 Part03 06

2025-07-29T11:57:27Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1341. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter04 Part03 03

2025-07-29T11:56:48Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1322. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter04 Part02

2025-07-29T11:56:04Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1258. */

= DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. =

* The today existing (probably) only copy of its publication is in possession of [https://librarykoha.bu.ac.th/cgi-bin/koha/opac-main.pl '''the main library of Bangkok University''']. The detailed information and images of the original sources are available on [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/ the Centennial Website].
* The detailed information about the genealogical relations between the Draft 1919, Codes of 1923, Codes of 1925, and Code of 1992 is available at the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Resources/01_French-Heritage_20190720.pdf "French Advisers' Heritage"].

== BOOK ON OBLIGATIONS. ==

=== '''DIVISION VII. SPECIFIC CONTRACTS.''' ===

==== TITLE XXII. Partnerships and Companies. ====

===== Chapter IV. Limited Companies. =====

====== Part II. Shares and shareholders. ======

====== '''Section 1245.''' ======
* The amount of a share may not be less than ten baht.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1117 1117]'''''

====== '''Section 1246.''' ======
* Shares of more than ten baht may be divided into shares of not less than ten baht.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1118 1118]

====== '''Section 1247.''' ======
* The whole amount of every share must be paid in money, except shares allotted under Section 1230 subsection 5, or under Section 1356.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1119 1119]'''''

====== '''Section 1248.''' ======
* Unless otherwise decided by a general meeting, the directors may make calls upon the shareholders in respect of all moneys unpaid on their shares.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1120 1120]'''''

====== '''Section 1249.''' ======
* Twenty-one days notice at least must be given by registered letter of each call and each shareholder must pay the amount of such call to the persons and at the time and place fixed by the directors.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1121 1121]'''''

====== '''Section 1250.''' ======
* If the call payable in respect of any share has not been paid on the day fixed for payment thereof the holder of such share is bound to pay interest from the day fixed for payment to the time of the actual payment.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1122 1122]'''''

====== '''Section 1251.''' ======
* If a shareholder fails to pay a call on the day fixed for payment thereof, the directors may give him notice by registered letter to pay such call with interest.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1123 1123(I)]'''''

====== '''Section 1252.''' ======
* The notice must fix a reasonable time within which such call and interest must be paid. It must also fix the place where payment must be made. The notice may also state that in the case of non-payment the share in respect of which such call was made may be forfeited by the company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1123 1123(II)]'''''

====== '''Section 1253.''' ======
* If a statement as to forfeiture has been m in the notice the directors may, as long as the call and interest remain unpaid, declare the shares to be forfeited.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1124 1124]'''''

====== '''Section 1254.''' ======
* Shares forfeited must be sold at once by public auction. The proceeds must be applied to the payment of the call and interest due. The surplus if any, must be returned to the shareholder.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1125 1125]'''''

====== '''Section 1255.''' ======
* The title of the purchaser of a forfeited share is not affected by any irregularity in the proceedings of such forfeiture and sale.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1126 1126]'''''

====== '''Section 1256.''' ======
* A certificate or certificates shall be delivered to each shareholder for the shares held by him.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1127 1127(I)]'''''

====== '''Section 1257.''' ======
* The delivery of a certificate may be subject to the payment of such fee, not exceeding fifty satang, as the directors may decide.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1127 1127(II)]'''''

====== '''Section 1258.''' ======
* [I] Every certificate of shares shall be signed by one of the directors at least, and shall bear the seal of the company.
* [II] It must contain the following particulars:
** (1) The name of the company.
** (2) The numbers of the shares to which it applies.
** (3) The amount of each share.
** (4) In case the shares are not fully paid up, the amount paid on each share.
** (5) The name of the shareholder or a mention that the certificate is to bearer.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1128 1128]'''''

====== '''Section 1259.''' ======
* [I] A transfer of shares entered in a name certificate is void unless made in writing.
* [II] Such transfer is invalid as against the company and persons until the fact of transfer and the name and address of the transferee are entered in the register of shareholders.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1129 1129(I)(II)]'''''

====== '''Section 1260.''' ======
* The instrument of transfer of shares must be signed by the transferor and the transferee whose signatures shall be certified by one witness at least. The instrument must state the numbers of the shares to which it refers.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1129 1129(I)]'''''

====== '''Section 1261.''' ======
* The company can decline to register a transfer of shares on which a call is due.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1130 1130]'''''

====== '''Section 1262.''' ======
* The transfer book may be closed during the fourteen days immediately preceding the ordinary general meeting.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1131 1131]'''''

====== '''Section 1263.''' ======
* If by some event such as the death, bankruptcy or marriage of any shareholder, another person becomes entitled to a share, the company shall, on surrender of the share certificate, when possible, and proper evidence being produced, register such other person as a shareholder.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1132 1132]'''''

====== '''Section 1264.''' ======
* The transferor of a share not fully paid up continues to be liable for the full amount unpaid thereon, provided that:
** (1) No transferor be liable in respect of any obligation of the company incurred after the transfer.
** (2) No transferor be liable to contribute unless it appears to the Court that the existing shareholders are unable to satisfy the contributions required to be made by them.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1133 1133(I)]'''''

====== '''Section 1265.''' ======
* The liability of the transferor is extinguished by prescription two years after the transfer.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1133 1133(II)]

====== '''Section 1266.''' ======
* Certificates to bearer may be issued only if authorised by the regulations of the company and for shares which are fully paid up.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1134 1134]'''''

====== '''Section 1267.''' ======
* Shares entered in a certificate to bearer are transferred by the mere delivery of the certificate.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1135 1135]'''''

====== '''Section 1268.''' ======
* The. holder of a certificate to bearer is entitled to receive a name-certificate on surrendering the certificate to bearer for cancellation.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1136 1136]'''''

====== '''Section 1269.''' ======
* If it is prescribed by the regulations of the company that a director must hold a certain number of shares of the company as a qualification for such office, such shares must be shares entered in a name-certificate.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1137 1137]'''''

====== '''Section 1270.''' ======
* Every registered company must keep a register of shareholders containing the following particulars:
** (1) The names, addresses and occupations of the holders of name-certificates, the numbers and dates of the certificates held by each of them, the respective number of the shares entered in each certificate and the amount paid on each share.
** (2) The numbers and dates of certificates issued to bearer, and the respective numbers of the shares entered in each such certificate.
** (3) The date of cancellation of any name-certificate or certificate to bearer.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1138 1138]'''''

====== '''Section 1271.''' ======
* [I] The register of shareholders commencing from the date of the registration of the company shall be kept at the registered office of the company.
* [II] It shall be gratuitously open to inspection by the shareholders during the business hours, subject to such reasonable restriction as the directors may impose, but not less than two hours a day.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1139 1139(I)(II)]'''''

====== '''Section 1272.''' ======
* Any shareholder is entitled to require a copy of such register or of any part thereof to be delivered to him on payment of fifty satang for every hundred words required to be copied.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1140 1140]'''''

====== '''Section 1273.''' ======
* The register of shareholders is presumed to be correct evidence of any matters directed or authorised by law to be inserted therein.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1141 1141]'''''

====== '''Section 1274.''' ======
* A registered company may not own its own shares or take them in pledge.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1143 1143]'''''

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter04 Part01

2025-07-29T11:54:55Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1218. */

= DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. =

* The today existing (probably) only copy of its publication is in possession of [https://librarykoha.bu.ac.th/cgi-bin/koha/opac-main.pl '''the main library of Bangkok University''']. The detailed information and images of the original sources are available on [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/ the Centennial Website].
* The detailed information about the genealogical relations between the Draft 1919, Codes of 1923, Codes of 1925, and Code of 1992 is available at the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Resources/01_French-Heritage_20190720.pdf "French Advisers' Heritage"].

== BOOK ON OBLIGATIONS. ==

=== '''DIVISION VII. SPECIFIC CONTRACTS.''' ===

==== TITLE XXII. Partnerships and Companies. ====

===== Chapter IV. Limited Companies. =====

====== Part I. Nature and formation of limited companies. ======

====== '''Section 1216.''' ======
* A limited company is that kind of company which is formed with a capital divided into equal shares, the liability of the shareholders being limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares respectively held by them.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1096 1096]'''''

====== '''Section 1217.''' ======
* Any seven or more persons may, by subscribing their names to a memorandum and otherwise complying with the provisions of this Code, promote and form a limited company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1097 1097]'''''

====== '''Section 1218.''' ======
* The memorandum must contain:
** (1) The name of the proposed company, which must always end with the word "limited".
** (2) The part of the Kingdom in which the registered office of the company shall be situated.
** (3) The object of the company.
** (4) A declaration that the liability shareholders shall be limited.
** (5) The amount of capital with which the company proposes to be registered.
** (6) The number and amount of shares.
** (7) The names, addresses, occupations, and signatures of the promoters, and the number of shares subscribed by each of them.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1098 1098]'''''

====== '''Section 1219.''' ======
* [I] The liability of the directors of a limited company may be unlimited. In such case, a statement to that effect must be inserted in the memorandum.
* [II] The unlimited liability of a director terminates at the expiration of two years after the date at which he ceased to hold office.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1101 1101]'''''

====== '''Section 1220.''' ======
* No promoter may subscribe less than one share.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1100 1100]'''''

====== '''Section 1221.''' ======
* The memorandum must be made in two original copies at least and signed by the promoters, and the signatures shall be certified by two witnesses at least.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1099 1099(I)]'''''

====== '''Section 1222.''' ======
* [I] One of the copies of the memorandum must be deposited and registered at the Registration Office of that part of the Kingdom in which the registered office of the company is declared to be situated.
* [II] A certificate of registration shall be delivered to the promoters.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1099 1099(II)]'''''

====== '''Section 1223.''' ======
* No invitation to subscribe for shares may be published before registration of the memorandum.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1102 1102]'''''

====== '''Section 1224.''' ======
* A copy of every prospectus, notice, advertisement or other invitation to subscribe for shares must be dated and signed by the promoters of the company, and registered before its publication.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1103 1103(I)]'''''

====== '''Section 1225.''' ======
* Every such prospectus, notice, advertisement or invitation must state:
** (1) The contents of the memorandum.
** (2) The amount payable in money on each share before the registration of the company.
** (3) The number and amount of preference shares, if any, the nature and extent of the preferential rights accruing to such shares, and the reason why they are proposed to be issued.
** (4) The number and amount, if any, of ordinary shares or preference shares to be allotted as fully or partly paid up otherwise than in money, the extent to which they shall be considered as paid up, and a description of the services or property in return for which such shares are proposed to be allotted.
** (5) The amount or estimated amount of preliminary expenses.
** (6) The amount, if any, intended to be paid to any promoter, and the reasons for such payment.
** (7) Full particulars of the nature and extent of any material contracts entered into by the promoters whether in their own names or in the name of the company in connection with the promotion, the management or the future business of the company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1103 1103(II)]'''''

====== '''Section 1226.''' ======
* The whole number of shares with which the company proposes to be registered must be subscribed or allotted before registration of the company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1104 1104]'''''

====== '''Section 1227.''' ======
* The amount payable on each share before the registration of the company cannot be less than fifteen per cent of the nominal amount of the share.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1105 1105]

====== '''Section 1228.''' ======
* A person by subscribing for shares binds himself, on condition that the company be formed, to pay to the company the amount of such shares in conformity with the prospectus and regulations.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1106 1106]'''''

====== '''Section 1229.''' ======
* When all the shares to be paid in money have been subscribed, the promoters must hold a general meeting of the subscribers which shall be called the statutory meeting.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1107 1107(I)]'''''

====== '''Section 1230.''' ======
* The business to be transacted at the statutory meeting is:
** (1) The adoption of the regulations of the company, if any.
** (2) The ratification of any contracts entered into and any expenses incurred by the promoters in promoting the company.
** (3) The fixing of the amount, if any, to be paid to the promoters.
** (4) The fixing of the number of preference shares. if any are to be issued, and the nature and extent of the preferential rights accruing to them.
** (5) The fixing of the number of ordinary shares or preference shares to be allotted as fully or partly paid up otherwise than in money, if any, and the amount up to which they shall be considered as paid up. The description of the services or property in return for which such ordinary shares or preference shares shall be allotted as paid up otherwise than in money shall be expressly laid down before the meeting.
** (6) The appointment of the first directors and auditors and the fixing of their respective powers.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1108 1108]'''''

====== '''Section 1231.''' ======
* [I] A promoter or subscriber cannot take part in the vote if he has in the question some interest contradictory to the interest of other promoters or subscribers.
* [II] No resolutions of the statutory meeting are valid unless passed by a majority including at least one half of the total number of the subscribers entitled to vote, and representing at least one half of the total number of their shares.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1109 1109]'''''

====== '''Section 1232.''' ======
* [I] After the statutory meeting is held, the promoters shall hand over the business to the directors.
* [II] The directors shall thereupon cause the promoters and subscribers to forthwith pay upon each share payable in money such amount, not less than fifteen per cent. as provided by the prospectus, notice, advertisement or invitation.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1110 1110]'''''

====== '''Section 1233.''' ======
* [I] When the amount mentioned in section 1232 has been paid, the directors must apply for registration of the company.
* [II] Such application must be accompanied by the copy of the regulations, if any, and of the proceedings of the statutory meeting, both certified by the signature of at least one director.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1111 1111(I)(IV)]'''''

====== '''Section 1234.''' ======
* The directors must at the same time deposit at the Registration Office fifty printed copies of the memorandum and of the regulations, if any, of the company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1111 1111(V)]'''''

====== '''Section 1235.''' ======
* [I] The application and the entry in the register must contain, in conformity with the decisions of statutory meeting, the following particulars:
** (1) The total number of shares subscribed or allotted distinguishing ordinary shares and preference shares
** (2) The number of ordinary shares or preference shares allotted as fully or partly paid up otherwise than in money, and in the latter case, the extent to which they are so paid up.
** (3) The amount already paid in money on each share.
** (4) The total amount of money received in respect of shares.
** (5) The names, occupations and addresses of the directors.
** (6) If the directors have power to act separately, their respective powers and the number or names of the directors whose signature is binding on the company.
** (7) The period, if any has been fixed, for which the company is formed.
* [II] The entry may contain any other particulars which the directors may deem expedient to make known to the public.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1111 1111(II)(III)]'''''

====== '''Section 1236.''' ======
* A certificate of registration shall be delivered to the company.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1111 1111(VI)]'''''

====== '''Section 1237.''' ======
* [I] If registration does not take place within three months after the statutory meeting, the company is not formed, and all the money received from the applicants must be repaid without deduction.
* [II] If any such money has not been so repaid within three months after the statutory meeting, the directors of the company are jointly liable to repay that money with interest from the expiration of the three months.
* [III] Provided that a director shall not be liable for repayment or interest if he proves that the loss of money or delay was not due to his fault.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1112 1112]'''''

====== '''Section 1238.''' ======
* Until registration, the promoters are jointly and unlimitedly liable for all obligations and disbursements sanctioned by the statutory meeting.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1113 1113]'''''

====== '''Section 1239.''' ======
* The promoters of the company remain jointly and unlimitedly liable for all obligations and disbursements not approved by the statutory meeting.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1113 1113]'''''

====== '''Section 1240.''' ======
* Upon the registration being made, the company is formed as a juristic person, distinct from the shareholders of whom it is composed, and subject to Siamese law and Siamese jurisdiction.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -

====== '''Section 1241.''' ======
* After a company is registered, a subscriber of shares cannot enter a claim for cancellation by the Court of his subscription on the ground of mistake, duress or fraud.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1114 1114]'''''

====== '''Section 1242.''' ======
* [I] If the name inserted in a memorandum is identical with the name of an existing registered company or with the name inserted in a registered memorandum, or so nearly resembling the same as to be likely to deceive the public, any interested person can enter a claim for compensation against the promoters of the company and can ask for an order from the Court that the name be changed.
* [II] Upon such order being made, the new name must be registered in the place of the former name and the certificate of registration must be altered accordingly.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1115 1115]'''''

====== '''Section 1243.''' ======
* Any person is entitled to obtain from any company a copy of its memorandum and regulations, if any, on payment of a sum not exceeding one baht.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: '''''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2467_th_zhgb/index.php/Sec_1116 1116]'''''

====== '''Section 1244.''' ======
* Railway, Insurance, Banking, or Land and Mortgage Companies cannot be formed unless incorporated by Royal Charter.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of April 1924: -
# Code of January 1925: -

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter03

2025-07-29T11:49:39Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1215. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter03

2025-07-29T11:49:17Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1194. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter02 Part05

2025-07-29T11:48:37Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1179. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter02 Part04

2025-07-29T11:46:30Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1172. */

Book1 Division07 Title22 Chapter01

2025-07-29T11:45:20Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1130. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter04 Part01

2025-07-29T11:44:38Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1100. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter03

2025-07-29T11:43:30Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1091. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter02 Part06 02

2025-07-29T11:43:03Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1070. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter02 Part06 02

2025-07-29T11:42:08Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1059. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter02 Part06 01

2025-07-29T11:41:38Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1053. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter02 Part04 03

2025-07-29T11:41:03Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1034. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter02 Part04 02

2025-07-29T11:40:30Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1013. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter02 Part02

2025-07-29T11:30:55Z

Codesuser: /* Section 981. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter02 Part01

2025-07-29T11:30:15Z

Codesuser: /* Section 974. */

Book1 Division07 Title21 Chapter02 Part01

2025-07-29T11:29:50Z

Codesuser: /* Section 965. */

Book1 Division07 Title20

2025-07-29T11:29:09Z

Codesuser: /* Section 949. */

Book1 Division07 Title19

2025-07-29T11:28:49Z

Codesuser: /* Section 930. */

Book1 Division07 Title16

2025-07-29T11:28:12Z

Codesuser: /* Section 911. */

Book1 Division07 Title14 Chapter05

2025-07-29T11:27:51Z

Codesuser: /* Section 880. */

Book1 Division07 Title14 Chapter01

2025-07-29T11:27:18Z

Codesuser: /* Section 855. */

Book1 Division07 Title13 Chapter02

2025-07-29T11:26:46Z

Codesuser: /* Section 827. */

Book1 Division07 Title13 Chapter01

2025-07-29T11:26:02Z

Codesuser: /* Section 822. */

Book1 Division07 Title12 Chapter04

2025-07-29T11:25:30Z

Codesuser: /* Section 810. */

Book1 Division07 Title12 Chapter02

2025-07-29T11:24:41Z

Codesuser: /* Section 800. */