Thai Codification Codes of 1925 - User contributions [en]

1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter04 Part01

2026-11-01T16:07:53Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1152. */

= '''[[1924th Main Page|DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. (April 1924)]]''' =

== BOOK III ON SPECIFIC CONTRACTS. (April 1924) ==

* The following text of the Draft for the Book III of the "Civil and Commercial Code for the Kingdom of Siam" was reconstructed from the Documents in Vols. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 40], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 41], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 42], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 43], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 44], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 45], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 46], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 47], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 86], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 87], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 88], and [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 89] of '''[https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Search/index/collection:39 “The Archives of the History of Thai Codification”]'''.
* For the details, please, refer to the page of [[1924th Introduction|'''"Introduction'''"]] and the "Introductory Notes" to the '''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/Draft1924/Draft1924_all.pdf ''"Reconstructed Book III on Specific Contracts"'']'''.

'''[[1924th_Book3_Title21_Chapter03|← Previous Page]]''' | '''[[1924th_Book3_Title21_Chapter04_Part02|Next Page →]]'''

=== '''[[1924th_Main_Page#TITLE_XXI._Bills.|TITLE XXI. Bills.]]''' ===

==== [[1924th_Main_Page#Chapter_IV._Cheques.|Chapter IV. Cheques.]] ====

===== [[1924th_Main_Page#Part_I._General_Provisions._5|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

====== '''Section 1149.''' ======
* A cheque is a written instrument by which a person, called the drawer, orders a banker to pay a sum of money to or to the order of another person called the payee.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P296.pdf P.86/296]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1099.|Ob.1099]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0987|987]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0987|987]]'''''

====== '''Section 1150.''' ======
* A cheque must be dated, signed by the drawer, and must contain the following particulars :
** (1) A sum certain in money;
** (2) The name or trade name and address of the banker;
** (3) The name or trade name of the payee;
** (4) An unconditional order to pay.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P296.pdf P.86/296]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1100.|Ob.1100]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0988|988]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0988|988]]'''''

====== '''Section 1151.''' ======
* The provisions of Chapter II concerning bills of exchange apply to cheques, mutatis mutandis, in so far as they are not contrary to the provisions of this Chapter <s>IV</s> IX.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P296.pdf P.86/296]'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1101.|Ob.1101]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0989|989]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0989|989]]'''''

====== '''Section 1152.''' ======
* [I] A cheque <s>can</s> may be drawn payable to bearer, or payable to the drawer.
* [II] If no payee is named in the cheque, it is payable to bearer.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 4th instalment, September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P117.pdf P.41/117]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P297.pdf P.86/297]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1102.|Ob.1102]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 1153.''' ======
* A cheque is payable on demand.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P297.pdf P.86/297]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1103.|Ob.1103]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 1154.''' ======
* No reference to a day of maturity <s>can</s> may be inserted in a cheque.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 4th instalment, September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P117.pdf P.41/117]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P297.pdf P.86/297]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1104.|Ob.1104]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 1155.''' ======
* A cheque which contains a reference to a day of maturity, such as "on demand" or "on such day," etc., is a bill of exchange.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P297.pdf P.86/297]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1105.|Ob.1105]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 1156.''' ======
* The holder of a cheque must present it for payment to the banker within <s>two months</s> one year after the date of drawing, otherwise he loses his right of recourse against the prior parties.

- Commission of Codfication, 6th September 1922, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P162.pdf P.40/162]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P297.pdf P.86/297]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: [[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1106.|Ob.1106]]
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0990|990]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0990|990]]'''''

====== '''Section 1157.''' ======
* A banker is bound to pay a cheque drawn on him by his customer unless:
** (1) There <s>be</s> is not enough money to the credit of the account of the customer to meet the cheque, or
** (2) The cheque <s>be</s> is presented for payment more than one year after its date of drawing.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 4th instalment, September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P118.pdf P.41/118]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P299.pdf P.86/299]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1107.|Ob.1107]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0991|991]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0991|991]]'''''

====== '''Section 1158.''' ======
* A banker is bound to refuse payment of a cheque drawn on him if:
** (1) The drawer has countermanded payment, or
** (2) The banker has received notice of the death of the drawer, or
** (3) The cheque has been lost, or obtained through an offence and notice thereof has been given to the banker.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P299.pdf P.86/299]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1108.|Ob.1108]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0992|992]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0992|992]]'''''

====== '''Section 1159.''' ======
* [I]If the banker signs on the cheque a statement such as "good" or "good for payment," or words to the same effect, he becomes bound to pay the cheque in the same way as the acceptor of a bill of exchange.
* [II] If the statement is "good for payment on such and such day" the banker is bound to pay only if the cheque is presented on that day.
* <s>The foregoing provisions do not apply if the banker has only signed a statement certifying the genuineness of the signature of the drawer.</s>

- Commission of Codification, 6th September 1922, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol040/Vol040_P177.pdf P.40/177]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P299.pdf P.86/299]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1109.|Ob.1109(I)(II)]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0992|992]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0992|992]]'''''

====== '''Section 1160.''' ======
* <s>1109. - [I] If the banker signs on the cheque a statement such as "good" or "good for payment," or words to the same effect, he becomes bound to pay the cheque in the same way as the acceptor of a bill of exchange.</s>
* <s>[II] If the statement is "good for payment on such and such day" the banker is bound to pay only if the cheque is presented on that day.</s>
* <s>[III]</s> The foregoing provisions do not apply if the banker has only signed a statement certifying the genuineness of the signature of the drawer.

- Commission of Codification, 6th September 1922, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol040/Vol040_P177.pdf P.40/177]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P300.pdf P.86/300]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter04_Part01#Section_1109.|Ob.1109(III)]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0993|993]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0993|993]]'''''

1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter03

2026-11-01T16:01:06Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1143. */

= '''[[1924th Main Page|DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. (April 1924)]]''' =

== BOOK III ON SPECIFIC CONTRACTS. (April 1924) ==

* The following text of the Draft for the Book III of the "Civil and Commercial Code for the Kingdom of Siam" was reconstructed from the Documents in Vols. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 40], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 41], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 42], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 43], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 44], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 45], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 46], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 47], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 86], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 87], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 88], and [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 89] of '''[https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Search/index/collection:39 “The Archives of the History of Thai Codification”]'''.
* For the details, please, refer to the page of [[1924th Introduction|'''"Introduction'''"]] and the "Introductory Notes" to the '''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/Draft1924/Draft1924_all.pdf ''"Reconstructed Book III on Specific Contracts"'']'''.

'''[[1924th_Book3_Title21_Chapter02_Part09|← Previous Page]]''' | '''[[1924th_Book3_Title21_Chapter04_Part01|Next Page →]]'''

=== '''[[1924th_Main_Page#TITLE_XXI._Bills.|TITLE XXI. Bills.]]''' ===

==== [[1924th_Main_Page#Chapter_III._Promissory_Notes.|Chapter III. Promissory Notes.]] ====

====== '''Section 1140.''' ======
* A promissory note is a written instrument by which a person, called the maker, promises to pay a sum of money to, or to the order of, a person, called the payee.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P289.pdf P.86/289]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1090.|Ob.1090]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0982|982]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0982|982]]'''''

====== '''Section 1141.''' ======
* A promissory note must be dated, signed by the maker, and must contain the following particulars :
** (1) A sum certain in money.
** (2) The name or trade name of the payee.
** (3) An unconditional promise to pay.
** (4) The place where the promissory note is made.
** (5) A day of maturity.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P289.pdf P.86/289]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1091.|Ob.1091]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0983|983]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0983|983]]'''''

====== '''Section 1142.''' ======
* If the maker does not state in the promissory note a place of payment, the place where it is made is the place of payment.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P294.pdf P.86/294]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1092.|Ob.1092]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0984|984]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0984|984]]'''''

====== '''Section 1143.''' ======
* The following provisions of Chapter II concerning bills of exchange apply mutatis mutandis to promissory notes :
** Sections <s>966</s> 1036 to <s>969</s> 1039 inclusive, <s>972</s> 1042, <s>974</s> 1044 to <s>977</s> 1046 inclusive concerning the drawing of a bill of exchange.
** Sections <s>978</s> 1047, <s>980</s> 1049, <s>981</s> 1050 concerning the effects of a bill of exchange.
** Sections <s>982</s> 1051 to <s>988</s> 1057 inclusive, <s>990</s> 1059 to <s>996</s> 1065 inclusive concerning transfer and indorsement.
** Sections <s>1036</s> 1078 to <s>1041</s> 1083 inclusive concerning suretyship.
** Sections <s>1042</s> 1084 to <s>1054</s> 1096 inclusive concerning payment.
** Sections <s>1055</s> 1108 to <s>1073</s> 1115 inclusive concerning the right of recourse in case of non-payment.
** Sections <s>1077</s> 1116 to <s>1084</s> 1134 inclusive concerning payment for honour.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 4th instalment, September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P117.pdf P.41/117]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P294.pdf P.86/294]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1093.|Ob.1093]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0985|985]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0985|985]]'''''

====== '''Section 1144.''' ======
* [I] The holder of a promissory note payable at the end of a period after sight must present it to the maker within one year from its date, or, if the maker has specified a shorter time in the promissory note, within such time.
* [II] If the holder fails to present the promissory note within the above mentioned time, he loses his right of recourse against the prior indorsers.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P294.pdf P.86/294]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1094.|Ob.1094]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 1145.''' ======
* The maker must note on the promissory note the date of presentation and sign it.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P295.pdf P.86/295]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1095.|Ob.1095]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 1146.''' ======
* [I] If the maker <s>merely</s> puts merely his signature on the promissory note, the promissory note is deemed to have been duly presented to him and any person <s>can</s> may fill up the date.
* [II] If there is no date, the last day of the time fixed by section <s>1094</s> 1144 is deemed to be the day of presentation.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 4th instalment, September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P117.pdf P.41/117]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P295.pdf P.86/295]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1096.|Ob.1096]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 1147.''' ======
* If the maker does not on presentation sign the promissory note as provided by section <s>1095</s> 1145, the holder and the indorsers have a right of recourse against the prior parties, provided that they comply with the provisions of sections <s>1011</s> 1118 to <s>1027</s> 1134 inclusive concerning bills of exchange, mutatis mutandis.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 4th instalment, September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P117.pdf P.41/117]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P295.pdf P.86/295]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1097.|Ob.1097]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 1148.''' ======
* If the holder fails to have a protest made, he loses his right of recourse against all prior parties except the maker.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P295.pdf P.86/295]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title21_Chapter03#Section_1098.|Ob.1098]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part07 01

2026-11-01T15:08:36Z

Codesuser: /* Section 1098. */

1924th Book3 Title19

2026-11-01T12:53:31Z

Codesuser: /* TITLE XIX. Current Account. */

1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter06

2026-11-01T11:08:08Z

Codesuser: /* Section 953. */

1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter01

2026-10-31T12:52:40Z

Codesuser: /* TITLE XI. Suretyship. */

1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter01

2026-10-31T12:47:49Z

Codesuser: /* TITLE XI. Suretyship. */

= '''[[1924th Main Page|DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. (April 1924)]]''' =

== BOOK III ON SPECIFIC CONTRACTS. (April 1924) ==

* The following text of the Draft for the Book III of the "Civil and Commercial Code for the Kingdom of Siam" was reconstructed from the Documents in Vols. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 40], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 41], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 42], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 43], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 44], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 45], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 46], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 47], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 86], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 87], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 88], and [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 89] of '''[https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Search/index/collection:39 “The Archives of the History of Thai Codification”]'''.
* For the details, please, refer to the page of [[1924th Introduction|'''"Introduction'''"]] and the "Introductory Notes" to the '''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/Draft1924/Draft1924_all.pdf ''"Reconstructed Book III on Specific Contracts"'']'''.

'''[[1924th_Book3_Title10_Chapter03|← Previous Page]]''' | '''[[1924th_Book3_Title11_Chapter02|Next Page →]]'''

=== '''[[1924th Main Page#TITLE XI. Suretyship.|TITLE XI. Suretyship.]]''' ===

==== [[1924th Main Page#Chapter I. General Provisions. 3|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

====== '''Section 753.''' ======
* A contract of suretyship is a contract whereby a person, called surety, agrees to perform an obligation in case the debtor does not perform it.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P121.pdf P.86/121]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_687.|Ob.687]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0680|680]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0680|680]]'''''

====== '''Section 754.''' ======
* A contract of suretyship may guarantee any obligation even unconditional or future.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P121.pdf P.86/121]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_688.|Ob.688]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0681|681]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0681|681]]'''''

====== '''Section 755.''' ======
* A contract of suretyship is void or voidable according as to whether the obligation secured is void or voidable.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P121.pdf P.86/121]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_689.|Ob.689]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 756.''' ======
* An obligation which is voidable owing to one of the parties being incapacitated may be guaranteed by suretyship if it appears from the contract or from the circumstances of the case that the surety agreed to guarantee the creditor against the consequences of the want of capacity.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P121.pdf P.86/121]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_690.|Ob.690]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0681|681]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0681|681]]'''''

====== '''Section 757.''' ======
* Suretyship may be given for a limited period of time or for a series of transactions.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P123.pdf P.86/123]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_691.|Ob.691]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 758.''' ======
* A person <s>can</s> may agree to be surety for another surety.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 2nd instalment, August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P089.pdf P.41/89]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P123.pdf P.86/123]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_692.|Ob.692]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0682|682]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0682|682]]'''''

====== '''Section 759.''' ======
* The suretyship covers interest and compensation due by the debtor on account of the obligation and all charges accessory to it.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_693.|Ob.693]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0683|683]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0683|683]]'''''

====== '''Section 760.''' ======
* The surety is liable for the costs of action to be paid by the debtor to the creditor, but he is not liable for such costs if the action was entered without first demanding performance from him.

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_694.|Ob.694]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0684|684]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0684|684]]'''''

====== '''Section 753.''' ======
* A contract of suretyship is a contract whereby a person, called surety, agrees to perform an obligation in case the debtor does not perform it.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P121.pdf P.86/121]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_687.|Ob.687]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0680|680]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0680|680]]'''''

====== '''Section 754.''' ======
* A contract of suretyship may guarantee any obligation even unconditional or future.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P121.pdf P.86/121]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_688.|Ob.688]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0681|681]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0681|681]]'''''

====== '''Section 755.''' ======
* A contract of suretyship is void or voidable according as to whether the obligation secured is void or voidable.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P121.pdf P.86/121]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_689.|Ob.689]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 756.''' ======
* An obligation which is voidable owing to one of the parties being incapacitated may be guaranteed by suretyship if it appears from the contract or from the circumstances of the case that the surety agreed to guarantee the creditor against the consequences of the want of capacity.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P121.pdf P.86/121]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_690.|Ob.690]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0681|681]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0681|681]]'''''

====== '''Section 757.''' ======
* Suretyship may be given for a limited period of time or for a series of transactions.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P123.pdf P.86/123]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_691.|Ob.691]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 758.''' ======
* A person <s>can</s> may agree to be surety for another surety.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 2nd instalment, August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P089.pdf P.41/89]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P123.pdf P.86/123]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_692.|Ob.692]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0682|682]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0682|682]]'''''

====== '''Section 759.''' ======
* The suretyship covers interest and compensation due by the debtor on account of the obligation and all charges accessory to it.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P123.pdf P.86/123]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_693.|Ob.693]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0683|683]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0683|683]]'''''

====== '''Section 760.''' ======
* The surety is liable for the costs of action to be paid by the debtor to the creditor, but he is not liable for such costs if the action was entered without first demanding performance from him.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P123.pdf P.86/123]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_694.|Ob.694]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0684|684]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0684|684]]'''''

====== '''Section 761.''' ======
* If, on enforcement of the contract of suretyship, the surety does not perform the whole of the obligation of the debtor, together with interest, compensation and accessories, the debtor remains liable to the creditor for the surplus.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P124.pdf P.86/124]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title10_Chapter01#Section_695.|Ob.695]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0685|685]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0685|685]]'''''

====== '''Section 762.''' ======
* A debtor may, instead of furnishing a surety for the guarantee of his obligation, furnish real security.

- Committee of Redaction, 20th October 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol042/Vol042_P040.pdf P.42/40]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P124.pdf P.86/124]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: -
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter01 Part03

2026-10-31T09:47:48Z

Codesuser: /* Part III. Rights and Duties of the Sender and the Consignee. */

= '''[[1924th Main Page|DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. (April 1924)]]''' =

== BOOK III ON SPECIFIC CONTRACTS. (April 1924) ==

* The following text of the Draft for the Book III of the "Civil and Commercial Code for the Kingdom of Siam" was reconstructed from the Documents in Vols. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 40], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 41], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 42], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 43], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 44], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 45], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 46], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 47], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 86], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 87], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 88], and [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 89] of '''[https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Search/index/collection:39 “The Archives of the History of Thai Codification”]'''.
* For the details, please, refer to the page of [[1924th Introduction|'''"Introduction'''"]] and the "Introductory Notes" to the '''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/Draft1924/Draft1924_all.pdf ''"Reconstructed Book III on Specific Contracts"'']'''.

'''[[1924th_Book3_Title08_Chapter01_Part02|← Previous Page]]''' | '''[[1924th_Book3_Title08_Chapter02|Next Page →]]'''

=== '''[[1924th_Main_Page#TITLE_VIII._Carriage.|TITLE VIII. Carriage.]]''' ===

==== [[1924th_Main_Page#Chapter_I._Carriage_of_Goods.|Chapter I. Carriage of Goods.]] ====

===== [[1924th Main Page#Part III. Rights and Duties of the Sender and the Consignee.|Part III. Rights and Duties of the Sender and the Consignee.]] =====

====== '''Section 677.''' ======
* [I] As long as the goods are in the carrier's hands, the sender or the holder of the consignment note can exercise the right of stoppage in transit, that is to say he can require the carrier to stop the transportation or to return the goods.
* [II] In such case, the carrier is entitled to the freight in proportion to the transportation performed and to all other expenses occasioned by the stoppage or the return of the goods.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P094.pdf P.86/94]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_609.|Ob.609]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0626|626]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0626|626]]'''''

====== '''Section 678.''' ======
* If the consignment note has been made to order or to bearer, the right of stoppage in transit can be exercised only on surrendering the note to the carrier.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P094.pdf P.86/94]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_610.|Ob.610]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 679.''' ======
* The right of stoppage in transit ceases:
** (1) When the carrier gives notice of the arrival of the goods to the consignee.
** (2) When the goods have arrived at the place of destination and the consignee demands delivery.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P094.pdf P.86/94]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_611.|Ob.611]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 680.''' ======
* After the goods have arrived at the place of destination and the consignee has demanded delivery, or after the carrier has given notice of the arrival of the goods to the consignee, the consignee is entitled to the rights of the sender arising out of the contract of carriage.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P095.pdf P.86/95]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_612.|Ob.612]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0627|627]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0627|627]]'''''

====== '''Section 681.''' ======
* The freight and accessories are payable either by the sender or by the consignee, as provided by the contract or by custom.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P095.pdf P.86/95]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_613.|Ob.613]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 682.''' ======
* If goods are lost by force majeure, the carrier is not entitled to the freight. Whatever has been received on that account must be returned.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P095.pdf P.86/95]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_614.|Ob.614]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0628|628]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0628|628]]'''''

====== '''Section 683.''' ======
* If the carrier delivers the goods before payment of the freight and accessories, he remains liable to preceding carriers for such part of the freight and accessories as may still be due to them.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P095.pdf P.86/95]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_615.|Ob.615]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0629|629]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: [[2471th_Sec_0629|629]]

====== '''Section 684.''' ======
* The carrier is entitled to retain the goods as long as the freight and accessories are not paid, provided that the party liable for them may at any time apply to the Court for an order, either:
** (1) Restricting the exercise of this right to such part of the goods as the Court may deem sufficient to cover the freight and accessories, or
** (2) Ordering the carrier to deliver the goods on security being given for payment of freight and accessories.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P096.pdf P.86/96]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_616.|Ob.616]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0630|630]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0630|630]]'''''

====== '''Section 685.''' ======
* [I] If the consignee cannot be found, the carrier must notify the sender by registered letter to give his orders as to the disposal of the goods and to provide for the payment of the freight and accessories within a reasonable time to be fixed in the notice.
* [II] If the sender fails to comply with the notice the carrier can sell the goods by public auction.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P096.pdf P.86/96]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_617.|Ob.617]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0631|631]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0631|631]]'''''

====== '''Section 686.''' ======
* [I] If the consignee does not take delivery of the goods, or does not pay the freight and accessories due by him, the carrier can notify the consignee <s>by registered letter</s> in writing to pay the freight and accessories and take delivery within a reasonable time to be fixed in the notice.
* [II] The carrier must at the same time notify the sender <s>by registered letter</s> in writing.
* [III] If the consignee <s>or</s> and the sender do not comply with the notice, the carrier can sell the goods by public auction.

- Commission of Codification, 20th September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol042/Vol042_P017.pdf P.42/17]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P096.pdf P.86/96]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_618.|Ob.618]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0631|631]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0631|631]]'''''

====== '''Section 687.''' ======
* In the cases provided by Sections <s>617</s> 685 and <s>618</s> 686, if the goods are of a perishable nature, the carrier can sell them by public auction without notice.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P098.pdf P.86/98]'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_619.|Ob.619]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0631|631]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0631|631]]'''''

====== '''Section 688.''' ======
* The carrier shall forthwith deduct from the nett proceeds of the public auction the freight, accessories and other monies due in connection with the contract of carriage and must deliver the surplus to the person entitled to it.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P098.pdf P.86/98]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_620.|Ob.620]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0632|632]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0632|632]]'''''

====== '''Section 689.''' ======
* If the goods were transported by several carriers, the last of them can exercise the rights described in Sections <s>616</s> 684 to <s>620</s> 688, for the amounts due to them all for freight and accessories.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P098.pdf P.86/98]'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_621.|Ob.621]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0633|633]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0633|633]]'''''

====== '''Section 690.''' ======
* If the goods were transported by several carriers, all the rights arising out of the contract of carriage may, at the discretion of the party exercising them, be exercised against the last carrier alone.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P099.pdf P.86/99]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title07_Chapter01_Part03#Section_622.|Ob.622]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part02

2026-10-29T03:09:41Z

Codesuser: /* Section 510. */

1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part03

2026-10-28T14:40:48Z

Codesuser: /* Section 477. */

= '''[[1924th Main Page|DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. (April 1924)]]''' =

== BOOK III ON SPECIFIC CONTRACTS. (April 1924) ==

* The following text of the Draft for the Book III of the "Civil and Commercial Code for the Kingdom of Siam" was reconstructed from the Documents in Vols. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 40], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 41], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 42], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 43], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 44], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 45], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 46], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 47], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 86], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 87], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 88], and [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 89] of '''[https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Search/index/collection:39 “The Archives of the History of Thai Codification”]'''.
* For the details, please, refer to the page of [[1924th Introduction|'''"Introduction'''"]] and the "Introductory Notes" to the '''[https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/Draft1924/Draft1924_all.pdf ''"Reconstructed Book III on Specific Contracts"'']'''.

'''[[1924th_Book3_Title01_Chapter02_Part02|← Previous Page]]''' | '''[[1924th_Book3_Title01_Chapter02_Part04|Next Page →]]'''

=== '''[[1924th Main Page#TITLE I. Sale.|TITLE I. Sale.]]''' ===

==== [[1924th Main Page#Chapter II. Duties and liabilities of the seller.|Chapter II. Duties and liabilities of the seller.]] ====

===== [[1924th Main Page#Part III. Liability for Eviction.|Part III. Liability for Eviction.]] =====

====== '''Section 477.''' ======
* The seller is liable for the consequences of any disturbance caused to the peaceful possession of the buyer by any person having over the property sold a right existing at the time of the sale or derived from the seller after that time.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P017.pdf P.86/17]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_412.|Ob.412]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0475|475]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0475|475]]'''''

====== '''Section 478.''' ======
* The seller is not liable for a disturbance caused by a person whose rights were known to the buyer at the time of the sale.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P018.pdf P.86/18]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_413.|Ob.413]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0476|476]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0476|476]]'''''

====== '''Section 479.''' ======
* In any case of disturbance where an action arises between the buyer and a third person, the buyer is entitled to summon the seller to appear in the action to be joint defendant or joint plaintiff with the buyer.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P018.pdf P.86/18]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_414.|Ob.414]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0477|477]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0477|477]]'''''

====== '''Section 480.''' ======
* The seller is also entitled, if he thinks proper, to intervene in the action in order to deny the claim of the third person.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P018.pdf P.86/18]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_415.|Ob.415]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0478|478]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0478|478]]'''''

====== '''Section 481.''' ======
* Whenever the seller is a party to the action the Court shall give judgment deciding on the merits of the case between the buyer and the third person and on the liability of the seller to the buyer.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P018.pdf P.86/18]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_416.|Ob.416]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: -
# Code of January 1929: -

====== '''Section 482.''' ======
* [I] If in consequence of a claim of a third person the buyer is deprived of the whole of the property sold, he is said to suffer total eviction.
* [II] If the buyer is deprived of part of the property sold, or if the property is declared to be subject to a right, the existence of which impairs its value or fitness, the buyer is said to suffer partial eviction.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P019.pdf P.86/19]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_417.|Ob.417]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0479|479]]''''', '''''[[2467th_Sec_0527|527]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0479|479]]''''', '''''[[2471th_Sec_0527|527]]'''''

====== '''Section 483.''' ======
* Whenever the seller is liable for total or partial eviction the buyer has the remedies <s>described</s> prescribed in this Code concerning non-performance.

- Collaboration of Dr.James, 1st Instalment, August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P068.pdf P.41/68]
- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P019.pdf P.86/19]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_418.|Ob.418]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0479|479]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0479|479]]'''''

====== '''Section 484.''' ======
* If immovable property is declared to be subject to a servitude established by law, the seller is not liable unless he has expressly guaranteed that the property was free from servitudes or from that particular servitude.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P019.pdf P.86/19]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_419.|Ob.419]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0480|480]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0480|480]]'''''

====== '''Section 485.''' ======
* If an action in connection with a claim of a third person is entered, the buyer is entitled to withhold the price as provided by Section 411.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P020.pdf P.86/20]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_420.|Ob.420]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0489|489]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0489|489]]'''''

====== '''Section 486.''' ======
* If the seller was not a party to the original action, or if the buyer has made a compromise with the third person, or has yielded to his claim, the liability of the seller is extinguished by prescription three months after final judgment in the original action, or after the date of the compromise, or of the yielding to the third person.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P020.pdf P.86/20]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_421.|Ob.421]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0481|481]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0481|481]]'''''

====== '''Section 487.''' ======
* [I] The seller is not liable for eviction in the following cases :
** (1) If no action was entered and the seller proves that the rights of the buyer were lost on account of the fault of the buyer, or
** (2) If the buyer did not summon the seller to appear in the action, and the seller proves that he would have succeeded in the action if summoned to appear, or
** (3) If the seller appeared in the action, but the claim of the buyer was dismissed on account of the fault of the buyer.
* [II] In any case the seller is liable whenever he is summoned to appear in the action and refuses to take the part of the buyer as joint defendant or joint plaintiff.

- Thai translation: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol086/Vol086_P020.pdf P.86/20]

'''《Genealogies》'''
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division07_Title01_Chapter02_Part03#Section_422.|Ob.422]]'''''
# Code of January 1925: '''''[[2467th_Sec_0482|482]]'''''
# Code of January 1929: '''''[[2471th_Sec_0482|482]]'''''

2466th Sec 0141

2026-10-23T10:59:17Z

Codesuser: /* มาตรา 141 */

====== [[2466th_Book2_Division01_Chapter01_Title02_Part02_02|'''(๒) ความยินยอมบกพร่อง''']] ======
'''[[2466th Sec 0140|← Previous Section]]''' | '''[[2466th Sec 0142|Next Section →]]'''

====== '''มาตรา 141''' ======
* ในการวินิจฉัยคดีว่าความสำคัญผิด ฤๅกลฉ้อฉล ฤๅการข่มขู่มีอยู่ฤๅไม่นั้น ให้ศาลพิเคราะห์โดยรอบคอบถึงอายุ เพศและฐานะของคู่กรณี กับทั้งพฤติการอื่นๆ ของคดีนั้นด้วย

====== '''《Genealogies》''' ======
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Division01_Title01_Chapter02_Part02_02#Section_75.|Ob.75]]'''''
# Codes of 1925: '''''[[2468th_Sec_0129|129]]'''''
# Code of 1992: '''''[[2535th_Sec_0167|167]]'''''

====== '''《Comments》''' ======

2466th Sec 0023

2026-10-19T05:18:06Z

Codesuser:

=== [[2466th_Book1_Chapter03|'''ลักษณ ๓ วิธีตีความในเอกสาร''']] ===
'''[[2466th Sec 0022|← Previous Section]]''' | '''[[2466th Sec 0024|Next Section →]]'''

====== '''มาตรา 23''' ======
* ถ้าใจความในเอกสารเป็นที่สงสัย ให้ศาลเพ่งเล็งถึงเจตนาอันแท้จริงยิ่งกว่าถ้อยคำสำนวนที่กล่าว

====== '''《Genealogies》''' ======
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Preliminary_Title04#Section_24.|Ob.24]]'''''
# Codes of 1925: -
# Code of 1992: -

====== '''《Comments》''' ======

2466th Sec 0022

2026-10-18T10:21:06Z

Codesuser: /* มาตรา 22 */

=== [[2466th_Book1_Chapter02|'''ลักษณ ๒ ปรับบทกฎหมาย''']] ===
'''[[2466th Sec 0021|← Previous Section]]''' | '''[[2466th Sec 0023|Next Section →]]'''

====== '''มาตรา 22''' ======
* ถ้าส่งดอกเบี้ยเมื่อใดๆ และดอกเบี้ยนั้นมิได้กำหนดอัตราไว้โดยสัญญา กฎหมาย ท่านให้ใช้อัตราร้อยละเจ็ดครึ่งต่อปี

====== '''《Genealogies》''' ======
# Draft of 1919: '''''[[1919th_Book1_Preliminary_Title03#Section_23.|Ob.23]]'''''
# Codes of 1925: '''''[[2468th_Sec_0007|7]]'''''
# Code of 1992: '''''[[2535th_Sec_0007|7]]'''''

====== '''《Comments》''' ======

1924th Introduction

2026-10-17T13:28:17Z

Codesuser: /* B. Sources for Reconstruction of the Draft April 1924 */

= '''Introductory Notes for the Draft April 1924''' =

'''[[1924th_Main_Page|← Previous Page]]''' | '''[[1924th_Book3_Title01_Chapter01_Part01|Next Page →]]'''

== '''A. Historical Background''' ==

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-1. Before the Promulgation of the Book I and II on 11th Nov. 1923</h3>
The initial concept of the Draft developed by the French commissioners covered the general principles of civil law, the general rules of obligations, and the part of specific contracts all together in a single volume.

By September 1920, however, the Commission of Codification decided to separate the part for the general principles from other parts as a "Book I on General Principles" (see the Thai translation of the Draft in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:166336 Vol.71]).

By September 1921, furthermore, the Commission decided to separate the Book in Obligations between the general part as a "Book II" and the specific part for contracts as a "Book III" (see the Thai translation of the Draft in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:166338 Vol.73]).

In [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol035/Vol035_P231-242.pdf the memorandum of 19th December 1921] submitted by ''Mr. René Guyon'', he proposed the Books I and II to be promulgated soon, separately from the still unfinished Book III. Apparently, his proposal was approved, but shortly before the actual promulgation of the Books I and II, the Commission decided integrate the parts for "Capacity of Persons" and "Juristic Persons" into the Book I on General Principles (see the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/docs/archives/Vol036_P075-077.pdf "Record of the Meeting of the Commission of Codification on 16th October 1922"]).

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-2. Intervention of the British Government</h3>
In March 1923, ''Dr. James'', the British adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, suddenly submitted to the Commission of Codification a long list of requests to correct and improve the English text of the Draft for Specific Contracts even though its revising work was still in process and the Draft was not publicly announced yet.

It must have been a complete surprise for the Commission and the Siamese Government. ''Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' described it in his interview on 10th October 1990 as follows:

<div style="margin-left:40px; max-width:640px; background:FloralWhite">
[...] เมื่อตกลงกันได้ กรรมการ ๔ คน ก็แปล เขียนทั่งภาษาอังกฤษและภาษาไทย เมื่อเสร็จบรรพ ๑, ๒, ๓ แล้ว ยังไม่ทันจะออกมาเลย สถานทูตอังกฤษทักทัวงเสียใหญ่โต ตอนนั้นฉันแม้เป็นนักเรียนอังกฤษก็ฉุนเหมือนกัน มันทักทัวงใหญ่โต จะ delay เรานี่น่ะ ว่ามาตรานั้นไม่ถูก มาตรานี้ไม่ถูก ทังๆ ที่ยังไม่ออกมาเลย มันก็รู้ มันจะรู้ได้ยังไง มันขโมยเอาไปน่ะซี เลยต้องเถียงกัน ฉันก็ว่า ไอมาตรานี้น่ะไม่สติปัญญาของฉันหรอก ฉันลอกเขามา [...] ฉันก็เลยว่าถ้าแม้นมาตรานี้ใช้ไม่ได้แล้ว กฎหมายของชาตินั้น เยอรมัน ญี่ปุ่น ก็คงใช้ไม่ได้ด้วย [...]
</div>
[https://winyuchon.com/shop/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1/ "บันทึกคำสัมภาษณ์ พระยามานวราชเสวี"] (น.๗๗ - ๗๘)
He assumed that somebody has delivered the internal documents of the Commission to the British Embassy. It was a "information leakage". Among many issues pointed out by ''Dr. James'', the most serious criticism was his objection against the limitation of the period of lease in [[1919th Book1 Division07 Title04 Chapter01#Section 491.|Sec. 491]] ([[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter01#Section 556.|Sec. 556]] in the Draft April 1924, the current [[2471th Sec 0540|Sec. 540]]). ''Dr. James'' argued that unlimited lease over land should be allowed as a compensation for the prohibition of ownership over land for foreigners. Otherwise, such a prohibition of ownership for foreigners should be repealed according to ''Dr. James''' argument''. On the criticism, Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' defended the section on the ground that it was not any own creation, but simply copied from the foreign model laws; namely [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title03 Part01#Section 567.|German Sec. 567]] and [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title07 Part01#Article 604.|Japanese Art. 604]].

After a long consideration, the Commission of Codification concluded agreements with Dr. James in the period from August to October 1923 totally in 5 installments, which were reported as the "Collaboration of Dr. James" in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 Vol.41]. In regard to the limitation of the period of lease, the Commission decided to make a compromise and extended the longest period from 20 years to 99 years.

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-3. Foundation of the "Department of Legislative Reduction"</h3>
Soon after the settlement of the tension with the British Government, the Siamese Government founded the "Department of Legislative Reduction" (กรมร่างกฎหมาย)" on 27th October 1923, probably for the purpose to systematize the legislative procedure and to introduce a strict security measure. ''Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' was nominated for a commissioner of the Department. The first major tasks started for the Department after the promulgation of the Books I and II on 11th November 1923; namely tasks ''to compile a new Draft of the Book III on Specific Contracts'', ''to print it in an ordinary book format'', and ''to deliver its printed copy to the British Embassy''.
== '''B. Sources for Reconstruction of the Draft April 1924''' ==
Unfortunately, the "Archives of the History of Thai Codification" do not include the printed copy of the Draft April 1924. Nevertheless, we could find ''a lot of fragments'' distributed among diverse archives, ''which contain or suggest the English text of the Draft.'' They are the sources for our reconstruction of the original English text of the Draft April 1924. They are distinguished roughly into the following two categories:

<h3 style='background-color:honeydew'>B-1. Source Category I.: Records of Alterations in the Draft 1919 (1920 — March 1924)</h3>
Sources under this category show the revising process of the Draft 1919, ''the goal of which was the final Draft April 1924''.

===== '''B-1-a. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 Archive Vol.40 (ID: 163432)]''' =====
* Title: Internal Work of the Commission of Codification for Book III (1920 — 1924).
* Contents:
** I. Notes and questions which did not entail alterations in the Draft 1919 (Secs. 435 — 1231).
** '''II. Notes and questions which did entail alterations in the Draft 1919 (Secs. 389 — 1464).'''
** '''III. Questions examined by the Siamese-French Committee on July — August 1923.'''
** IV. Examination of the questions concerning Civil — Partnerships.

===== '''B-1-b. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 Archive Vol.41 (ID:163433)]''' =====
* Title: Work of the Commission with other Departments for Book III (1923 — 1924)
* Contents:
** '''I. Collaboration of Dr. James, Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Especially;'''
*** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P063-071.pdf 1st installment (Secs. 388 — 490)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-1_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
*** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P072-097.pdf 2nd installment (Secs. 491 — 765)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-2_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
*** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P098-108.pdf 3rd installment (Secs. 766 — 890)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-3_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
*** Agreement in September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P109-118.pdf 4th installment (Secs. 391 — 1128)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-4_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
*** Agreement in October 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P119-134.pdf 5th installment (Secs. 1129 — 1464)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-5_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
** II. Exchange of views with the Land Records Department (March — August 1923).
** III. Exchange of views with the Department of Posts and the Ministry of Interior on the question of Protests (March).

===== '''B-1-c. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 Archive Vol.42 (ID: 163434)]''' and =====

===== '''B-1-d. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 Archive Vol.43 (ID: 163435)]''' =====
* Title: Alterations in Book III (Draft 1919) under direction of the High Revising Committee (1923 — March 1924)
* Contents:
*'''I. Questions examined under the direction of, or modified by, the High Revising Committee. (Secs. 391 — 1131).'''
**'''II. Question of Hire-Purchase and drafting.'''
**'''III. Revision and Re-Arrangement of the Title on Insurance.'''
**'''IV. Re-Arrangement of the Title on Bills of Exchange.'''
**V. Settlement of the work on March 1924 (at the time of departure of ''Mr. R. Guyon'').

<h3 style='background-color:honeydew'>B-2. Source Category II. Records of Alterations in the Draft April 1924 (March — December 1924)</h3>
Sources under this category show the revising process of the Draft April 1924, ''the object of which was the Draft April 1924'', and the goal of which was the final Draft December 1924.

===== '''B-2-a. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 Archive Vol.44 (ID: 163436)]''' and =====

===== '''B-2-b. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 Archive Vol.45 (ID: 163467)]''' and =====

===== '''B-2-c. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 Archive Vol.46 (ID: 163438)]''' =====
* Title: Work of the Department of Legislative Reduction during the absence of Mr. R. Guyon (March to December 1924) for Book III.
* Contents:
** (Vol.44) Titles on Bill of Exchange, Promissory notes, Cheque, Compromise, Association, Partnerships and companies.
** (Vol.45) Titles on Suretyship, Mortgage, Pledge, Warehousing, Agency, Betting and Gambling, Bills.
** (Vol.46) Titles on Sale, Exchange, Gift, Hire of property, Hire purchase, Hire of services, Hire of work, Carriage, Loan, Deposit.

===== '''B-2-d. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 Archive Vol.47 (ID: 163439)]''' =====
* Title: Promulgation of Book III (1925)
* Contents:
** '''I. Final Draft of Book III as typewritten in December 1924.'''
** II. Documents concerning promulgation.
** III. Press-comments.

===== '''B-2-e. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 Archive Vol.86 (ID: 163473)]''' =====
* Title: คำแปล ร่างประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓
* Contents: '''Complete Thai translation of the Draft April 1924.'''

===== '''B-2-f. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 Archive Vol.87 (ID: 163474)]''' =====
* Title: Final Draft of the Civil and Commercial Code, Book III, Title XV. to XXI [XXIII].
* Contents: Agency, Brokerage, Compromise, Gambling and Betting, Current Account, Insurance, Bills, Partnerships and Companies, Associations.
'''B-2-g. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 Archive Vol.88 (ID: 163475)]'''
* Title: Draft Civil and Commercial Code, Book III.
* Contents: '''Final Draft of Civil and Commercial Code, Book III''' [identical with the "Draft December 1924" in Vol.47].

===== '''B-2-h. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 Archive Vol.89 (ID: 163476)]''' =====
* Title: บันทึกตรวจแก้ร่างประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓, พระยามานวราชเสวี
* Contents: '''Reports of alterations in the Draft April 1924, No.1 to 41.'''
** “บันทึก ๑ – ๙” (P.89/1 — 42) and “บันทึก สำหรับมาตรา ๕๕๖ และ ๕๕๗ เพื่อขยายความในบันทึก ฉบับที่ ๙ ข้อ (๓)” (P.89/48 – 89/51) were written by พระยามานวราชเสวี;
** “บันทึก ๑๐ – ๑๕” (P.89/43 — 47, 89/52 — 75) were written by the 2nd person (probably หลวงสารสาสน์ประพันธ์);
** “บันทึก ๑๖ – ๔๑” (P.89/76 – 238) were written by the 3rd person (probably นายประกอบ บุณยัษฐติ).

――― ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ―――

1924th Introduction

2026-10-17T04:44:57Z

Codesuser:

= '''Introductory Notes for the Draft April 1924''' =

'''[[1924th_Main_Page|← Previous Page]]''' | '''[[1924th_Book3_Title01_Chapter01_Part01|Next Page →]]'''

== '''A. Historical Background''' ==

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-1. Before the Promulgation of the Book I and II on 11th Nov. 1923</h3>
The initial concept of the Draft developed by the French commissioners covered the general principles of civil law, the general rules of obligations, and the part of specific contracts all together in a single volume.

By September 1920, however, the Commission of Codification decided to separate the part for the general principles from other parts as a "Book I on General Principles" (see the Thai translation of the Draft in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:166336 Vol.71]).

By September 1921, furthermore, the Commission decided to separate the Book in Obligations between the general part as a "Book II" and the specific part for contracts as a "Book III" (see the Thai translation of the Draft in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:166338 Vol.73]).

In [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol035/Vol035_P231-242.pdf the memorandum of 19th December 1921] submitted by ''Mr. René Guyon'', he proposed the Books I and II to be promulgated soon, separately from the still unfinished Book III. Apparently, his proposal was approved, but shortly before the actual promulgation of the Books I and II, the Commission decided integrate the parts for "Capacity of Persons" and "Juristic Persons" into the Book I on General Principles (see the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/docs/archives/Vol036_P075-077.pdf "Record of the Meeting of the Commission of Codification on 16th October 1922"]).

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-2. Intervention of the British Government</h3>
In March 1923, ''Dr. James'', the British adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, suddenly submitted to the Commission of Codification a long list of requests to correct and improve the English text of the Draft for Specific Contracts even though its revising work was still in process and the Draft was not publicly announced yet.

It must have been a complete surprise for the Commission and the Siamese Government. ''Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' described it in his interview on 10th October 1990 as follows:

<div style="margin-left:40px; max-width:640px; background:FloralWhite">
[...] เมื่อตกลงกันได้ กรรมการ ๔ คน ก็แปล เขียนทั่งภาษาอังกฤษและภาษาไทย เมื่อเสร็จบรรพ ๑, ๒, ๓ แล้ว ยังไม่ทันจะออกมาเลย สถานทูตอังกฤษทักทัวงเสียใหญ่โต ตอนนั้นฉันแม้เป็นนักเรียนอังกฤษก็ฉุนเหมือนกัน มันทักทัวงใหญ่โต จะ delay เรานี่น่ะ ว่ามาตรานั้นไม่ถูก มาตรานี้ไม่ถูก ทังๆ ที่ยังไม่ออกมาเลย มันก็รู้ มันจะรู้ได้ยังไง มันขโมยเอาไปน่ะซี เลยต้องเถียงกัน ฉันก็ว่า ไอมาตรานี้น่ะไม่สติปัญญาของฉันหรอก ฉันลอกเขามา [...] ฉันก็เลยว่าถ้าแม้นมาตรานี้ใช้ไม่ได้แล้ว กฎหมายของชาตินั้น เยอรมัน ญี่ปุ่น ก็คงใช้ไม่ได้ด้วย [...]
</div>
[https://winyuchon.com/shop/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1/ "บันทึกคำสัมภาษณ์ พระยามานวราชเสวี"] (น.๗๗ - ๗๘)
He assumed that somebody has delivered the internal documents of the Commission to the British Embassy. It was a "information leakage". Among many issues pointed out by ''Dr. James'', the most serious criticism was his objection against the limitation of the period of lease in [[1919th Book1 Division07 Title04 Chapter01#Section 491.|Sec. 491]] ([[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter01#Section 556.|Sec. 556]] in the Draft April 1924, the current [[2471th Sec 0540|Sec. 540]]). ''Dr. James'' argued that unlimited lease over land should be allowed as a compensation for the prohibition of ownership over land for foreigners. Otherwise, such a prohibition of ownership for foreigners should be repealed according to ''Dr. James''' argument''. On the criticism, Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' defended the section on the ground that it was not any own creation, but simply copied from the foreign model laws; namely [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title03 Part01#Section 567.|German Sec. 567]] and [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title07 Part01#Article 604.|Japanese Art. 604]].

After a long consideration, the Commission of Codification concluded agreements with Dr. James in the period from August to October 1923 totally in 5 installments, which were reported as the "Collaboration of Dr. James" in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 Vol.41]. In regard to the limitation of the period of lease, the Commission decided to make a compromise and extended the longest period from 20 years to 99 years.

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-3. Foundation of the "Department of Legislative Reduction"</h3>
Soon after the settlement of the tension with the British Government, the Siamese Government founded the "Department of Legislative Reduction" (กรมร่างกฎหมาย)" on 27th October 1923, probably for the purpose to systematize the legislative procedure and to introduce a strict security measure. ''Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' was nominated for a commissioner of the Department. The first major tasks started for the Department after the promulgation of the Books I and II on 11th November 1923; namely tasks ''to compile a new Draft of the Book III on Specific Contracts'', ''to print it in an ordinary book format'', and ''to deliver its printed copy to the British Embassy''.
== '''B. Sources for Reconstruction of the Draft April 1924''' ==
Unfortunately, the "Archives of the History of Thai Codification" do not include the printed copy of the Draft April 1924. Nevertheless, we could find ''a lot of fragments'' distributed among diverse archives, ''which contain or suggest the English text of the Draft.'' They are the sources for our reconstruction of the original English text of the Draft April 1924. They are distinguished roughly into the following two categories:

<h3 style='background-color:honeydew'>B-1. Source Category I.: Records of Alterations in the Draft 1919 (1920 — March 1924)</h3>
Sources under this category show the revising process of the Draft 1919, ''the goal of which was the final Draft April 1924''.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 Archive Vol.40 (ID: 163432)]
** Title: Internal Work of the Commission of Codification for Book III (1920 — 1924).
** Contents:
*** I. Notes and questions which did not entail alterations in the Draft 1919 (Secs. 435 — 1231).
*** '''II. Notes and questions which did entail alterations in the Draft 1919 (Secs. 389 — 1464).'''
*** '''III. Questions examined by the Siamese-French Committee on July — August 1923.'''
*** IV. Examination of the questions concerning Civil — Partnerships.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 Archive Vol.41 (ID:163433)]
** Title: Work of the Commission with other Departments for Book III (1923 — 1924)
** Contents:
*** '''I. Collaboration of Dr. James, Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Especially;'''
**** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P063-071.pdf 1st installment (Secs. 388 — 490)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-1_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
**** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P072-097.pdf 2nd installment (Secs. 491 — 765)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-2_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
**** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P098-108.pdf 3rd installment (Secs. 766 — 890)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-3_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
**** Agreement in September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P109-118.pdf 4th installment (Secs. 391 — 1128)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-4_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
**** Agreement in October 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P119-134.pdf 5th installment (Secs. 1129 — 1464)] or [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Installment-5_OCR.pdf <nowiki>[OCR-scanned file]</nowiki>]
*** II. Exchange of views with the Land Records Department (March — August 1923).
*** III. Exchange of views with the Department of Posts and the Ministry of Interior on the question of Protests (March).
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 Archive Vol.42 (ID: 163434)] and
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 Archive Vol.43 (ID: 163435)]
** Title: Alterations in Book III (Draft 1919) under direction of the High Revising Committee (1923 — March 1924)
** Contents:
***'''I. Questions examined under the direction of, or modified by, the High Revising Committee. (Secs. 391 — 1131).'''
***'''II. Question of Hire-Purchase and drafting.'''
***'''III. Revision and Re-Arrangement of the Title on Insurance.'''
***'''IV. Re-Arrangement of the Title on Bills of Exchange.'''
***V. Settlement of the work on March 1924 (at the time of departure of ''Mr. R. Guyon'').

<h3 style='background-color:honeydew'>B-2. Source Category II. Records of Alterations in the Draft April 1924 (March — December 1924)</h3>
Sources under this category show the revising process of the Draft April 1924, ''the object of which was the Draft April 1924'', and the goal of which was the final Draft December 1924.

* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 Archive Vol.44 (ID: 163436)] and
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 Archive Vol.45 (ID: 163467)] and
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 Archive Vol.46 (ID: 163438)]
** Title: Work of the Department of Legislative Reduction during the absence of Mr. R. Guyon (March to December 1924) for Book III.
** Contents:
*** (Vol.44) Titles on Bill of Exchange, Promissory notes, Cheque, Compromise, Association, Partnerships and companies.
*** (Vol.45) Titles on Suretyship, Mortgage, Pledge, Warehousing, Agency, Betting and Gambling, Bills.
*** (Vol.46) Titles on Sale, Exchange, Gift, Hire of property, Hire purchase, Hire of services, Hire of work, Carriage, Loan, Deposit.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 Archive Vol.47 (ID: 163439)]
** Title: Promulgation of Book III (1925)
** Contents:
*** '''I. Final Draft of Book III as typewritten in December 1924.'''
*** II. Documents concerning promulgation.
*** III. Press-comments.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 Archive Vol.86 (ID: 163473)]
** Title: คำแปล ร่างประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓
** Contents: '''Complete Thai translation of the Draft April 1924.'''
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 Archive Vol.87 (ID: 163474)]
** Title: Final Draft of the Civil and Commercial Code, Book III, Title XV. to XXI [XXIII].
** Contents: Agency, Brokerage, Compromise, Gambling and Betting, Current Account, Insurance, Bills, Partnerships and Companies, Associations.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 Archive Vol.88 (ID: 163475)]
** Title: Draft Civil and Commercial Code, Book III.
** Contents: '''Final Draft of Civil and Commercial Code, Book III''' [identical with the "Draft December 1924" in Vol.47].
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 Archive Vol.89 (ID: 163476)]
** Title: บันทึกตรวจแก้ร่างประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓, พระยามานวราชเสวี
** Contents: '''Reports of alterations in the Draft April 1924, No.1 to 41.'''
*** “บันทึก ๑ – ๙” (P.89/1 — 42) and “บันทึก สำหรับมาตรา ๕๕๖ และ ๕๕๗ เพื่อขยายความในบันทึก ฉบับที่ ๙ ข้อ (๓)” (P.89/48 – 89/51) were written by พระยามานวราชเสวี;
*** “บันทึก ๑๐ – ๑๕” (P.89/43 — 47, 89/52 — 75) were written by the 2nd person (probably หลวงสารสาสน์ประพันธ์);
*** “บันทึก ๑๖ – ๔๑” (P.89/76 – 238) were written by the 3rd person (probably นายประกอบ บุณยัษฐติ).

――― ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ―――

1924th Introduction

2026-10-14T13:06:47Z

Codesuser:

= '''Introductory Notes for the Draft April 1924''' =

'''[[1924th_Main_Page|← Previous Page]]''' | '''[[1924th_Book3_Title01_Chapter01_Part01|Next Page →]]'''

== '''A. Historical Background''' ==

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-1. Before the Promulgation of the Book I and II on 11th Nov. 1923</h3>
The initial concept of the Draft developed by the French commissioners covered the general principles of civil law, the general rules of obligations, and the part of specific contracts all together in a single volume.

By September 1920, however, the Commission of Codification decided to separate the part for the general principles from other parts as a "Book I on General Principles" (see the Thai translation of the Draft in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:166336 Vol.71]).

By September 1921, furthermore, the Commission decided to separate the Book in Obligations between the general part as a "Book II" and the specific part for contracts as a "Book III" (see the Thai translation of the Draft in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:166338 Vol.73]).

In [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol035/Vol035_P231-242.pdf the memorandum of 19th December 1921] submitted by ''Mr. René Guyon'', he proposed the Books I and II to be promulgated soon, separately from the still unfinished Book III. Apparently, his proposal was approved, but shortly before the actual promulgation of the Books I and II, the Commission decided integrate the parts for "Capacity of Persons" and "Juristic Persons" into the Book I on General Principles (see the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/docs/archives/Vol036_P075-077.pdf "Record of the Meeting of the Commission of Codification on 16th October 1922"]).

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-2. Intervention of the British Government</h3>
In March 1923, ''Dr. James'', the British adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, suddenly submitted to the Commission of Codification a long list of requests to correct and improve the English text of the Draft for Specific Contracts even though its revising work was still in process and the Draft was not publicly announced yet.

It must have been a complete surprise for the Commission and the Siamese Government. ''Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' described it in his interview on 10th October 1990 as follows:

<div style="margin-left:40px; max-width:640px; background:FloralWhite">
[...] เมื่อตกลงกันได้ กรรมการ ๔ คน ก็แปล เขียนทั่งภาษาอังกฤษและภาษาไทย เมื่อเสร็จบรรพ ๑, ๒, ๓ แล้ว ยังไม่ทันจะออกมาเลย สถานทูตอังกฤษทักทัวงเสียใหญ่โต ตอนนั้นฉันแม้เป็นนักเรียนอังกฤษก็ฉุนเหมือนกัน มันทักทัวงใหญ่โต จะ delay เรานี่น่ะ ว่ามาตรานั้นไม่ถูก มาตรานี้ไม่ถูก ทังๆ ที่ยังไม่ออกมาเลย มันก็รู้ มันจะรู้ได้ยังไง มันขโมยเอาไปน่ะซี เลยต้องเถียงกัน ฉันก็ว่า ไอมาตรานี้น่ะไม่สติปัญญาของฉันหรอก ฉันลอกเขามา [...] ฉันก็เลยว่าถ้าแม้นมาตรานี้ใช้ไม่ได้แล้ว กฎหมายของชาตินั้น เยอรมัน ญี่ปุ่น ก็คงใช้ไม่ได้ด้วย [...]
</div>
[https://winyuchon.com/shop/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1/ "บันทึกคำสัมภาษณ์ พระยามานวราชเสวี"] (น.๗๗ - ๗๘)
He assumed that somebody has delivered the internal documents of the Commission to the British Embassy. It was a "information leakage". Among many issues pointed out by ''Dr. James'', the most serious criticism was his objection against the limitation of the period of lease in [[1919th Book1 Division07 Title04 Chapter01#Section 491.|Sec. 491]] ([[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter01#Section 556.|Sec. 556]] in the Draft April 1924, the current [[2471th Sec 0540|Sec. 540]]). ''Dr. James'' argued that unlimited lease over land should be allowed as a compensation for the prohibition of ownership over land for foreigners. Otherwise, such a prohibition of ownership for foreigners should be repealed according to ''Dr. James''' argument''. On the criticism, Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' defended the section on the ground that it was not any own creation, but simply copied from the foreign model laws; namely [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title03 Part01#Section 567.|German Sec. 567]] and [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title07 Part01#Article 604.|Japanese Art. 604]].

After a long consideration, the Commission of Codification concluded agreements with Dr. James in the period from August to October 1923 totally in 5 installments, which were reported as the "Collaboration of Dr. James" in the archive [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 Vol.41]. In regard to the limitation of the period of lease, the Commission decided to make a compromise and extended the longest period from 20 years to 99 years.

<h3 style='background-color:lightcyan'>A-3. Foundation of the "Department of Legislative Reduction"</h3>
Soon after the settlement of the tension with the British Government, the Siamese Government founded the "Department of Legislative Reduction" (กรมร่างกฎหมาย)" on 27th October 1923, probably for the purpose to systematize the legislative procedure and to introduce a strict security measure. ''Phraya Manava Rachasevi'' was nominated for a commissioner of the Department. The first major tasks started for the Department after the promulgation of the Books I and II on 11th November 1923; namely tasks ''to compile a new Draft of the Book III on Specific Contracts'', ''to print it in an ordinary book format'', and ''to deliver its printed copy to the British Embassy''.
== '''B. Sources for Reconstruction of the Draft April 1924''' ==
Unfortunately, the "Archives of the History of Thai Codification" do not include the printed copy of the Draft April 1924. Nevertheless, we could find ''a lot of fragments'' distributed among diverse archives, ''which contain or suggest the English text of the Draft.'' They are the sources for our reconstruction of the original English text of the Draft April 1924. They are distinguished roughly into the following two categories:

<h3 style='background-color:honeydew'>B-1. Source Category I.: Records of Alterations in the Draft 1919 (1920 — March 1924)</h3>
Sources under this category show the revising process of the Draft 1919, ''the goal of which was the final Draft April 1924''.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 Archive Vol.40 (ID: 163432)]
** Title: Internal Work of the Commission of Codification for Book III (1920 — 1924).
** Contents:
*** I. Notes and questions which did not entail alterations in the Draft 1919 (Secs. 435 — 1231).
*** II. Notes and questions which did entail alterations in the Draft 1919 (Secs. 389 — 1464).
*** III. Questions examined by the Siamese-French Committee on July — August 1923.
*** IV. Examination of the questions concerning Civil — Partnerships.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 Archive Vol.41 (ID:163433)]
** Title: Work of the Commission with other Departments for Book III (1923 — 1924)
** Contents:
*** I. Collaboration of Dr. James, Adviser to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Especially;
**** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P063-071.pdf 1st installment (Secs. 388 — 490)]
**** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P072-097.pdf 2nd installment (Secs. 491 — 765)]
**** Agreement in August 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P098-108.pdf 3rd installment (Secs. 766 — 890)]
**** Agreement in September 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P109-118.pdf 4th installment (Secs. 391 — 1128)]
**** Agreement in October 1923, [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol041/Vol041_P119-134.pdf 5th installment (Secs. 1129 — 1464)]
*** II. Exchange of views with the Land Records Department (March — August 1923).
*** III. Exchange of views with the Department of Posts and the Ministry of Interior on the question of Protests (March).
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 Archive Vol.42 (ID: 163434)] and
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 Archive Vol.43 (ID: 163435)]
** Title: Alterations in Book III (Draft 1919) under direction of the High Revising Committee (1923 — March 1924)
** Contents:
***I. Questions examined under the direction of, or modified by, the High Revising Committee. (Secs. 391 — 1131).
***II. Question of Hire-Purchase and drafting.
***III. Revision and Re-Arrangement of the Title on Insurance.
***IV. Re-Arrangement of the Title on Bills of Exchange.
***V. Settlement of the work on March 1924 (at the time of departure of ''Mr. R. Guyon'').

<h3 style='background-color:honeydew'>B-2. Source Category II. Records of Alterations in the Draft April 1924 (March — December 1924)</h3>
Sources under this category show the revising process of the Draft April 1924, ''the object of which was the Draft April 1924'', and the goal of which was the final Draft December 1924.

* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 Archive Vol.44 (ID: 163436)] and
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 Archive Vol.45 (ID: 163467)] and
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 Archive Vol.46 (ID: 163438)]
** Title: Work of the Department of Legislative Reduction during the absence of Mr. R. Guyon (March to December 1924) for Book III.
** Contents:
*** (Vol.44) Titles on Bill of Exchange, Promissory notes, Cheque, Compromise, Association, Partnerships and companies.
*** (Vol.45) Titles on Suretyship, Mortgage, Pledge, Warehousing, Agency, Betting and Gambling, Bills.
*** (Vol.46) Titles on Sale, Exchange, Gift, Hire of property, Hire purchase, Hire of services, Hire of work, Carriage, Loan, Deposit.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 Archive Vol.47 (ID: 163439)]
** Title: Promulgation of Book III (1925)
** Contents:
*** I. Final Draft of Book III as typewritten in December 1924.
*** II. Documents concerning promulgation.
*** III. Press-comments.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 Archive Vol.86 (ID: 163473)]
** Title: คำแปล ร่างประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓
** Contents: Complete Thai translation of the Draft April 1924.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 Archive Vol.87 (ID: 163474)]
** Title: Final Draft of the Civil and Commercial Code, Book III, Title XV. to XXI [XXIII].
** Contents: Agency, Brokerage, Compromise, Gambling and Betting, Current Account, Insurance, Bills, Partnerships and Companies, Associations.
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 Archive Vol.88 (ID: 163475)]
** Title: Draft Civil and Commercial Code, Book III.
** Contents: Final Draft of Civil and Commercial Code, Book III [identical with the "Draft December 1924" in Vol.47].
* [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 Archive Vol.89 (ID: 163476)]
** Title: บันทึกตรวจแก้ร่างประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓, พระยามานวราชเสวี
** Contents: Reports of alterations in the Draft April 1924, No.1 to 41.
*** “บันทึก ๑ – ๙” (P.89/1 — 42) and “บันทึก สำหรับมาตรา ๕๕๖ และ ๕๕๗ เพื่อขยายความในบันทึก ฉบับที่ ๙ ข้อ (๓)” (P.89/48 – 89/51) were written by พระยามานวราชเสวี;
*** “บันทึก ๑๐ – ๑๕” (P.89/43 — 47, 89/52 — 75) were written by the 2nd person (probably หลวงสารสาสน์ประพันธ์);
*** “บันทึก ๑๖ – ๔๑” (P.89/76 – 238) were written by the 3rd person (probably นายประกอบ บุณยัษฐติ).

――― ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ―――

1924th Main Page

2026-10-14T10:01:47Z

Codesuser:

= '''[[1924th Main Page|DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. (April 1924)]]''' =

== '''Background and Sources.''' ==
* The following text of the Draft for the Book III of the "Civil and Commercial Code for the Kingdom of Siam" was reconstructed from the Documents in Vols. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 40], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 41], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 42], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 43], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 44], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 45], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 46], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 47], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 86], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 87], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 88], and [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 89] of '''[https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Search/index/collection:39 “The Archives of the History of Thai Codification”]'''. Unfortunately, the the Archives do not contain its original copy.

* For the details, please, refer to:
** ⇒ The Special Page [[1924th_Introduction|"Introductory Notes for the Draft April 1924"]] 》and
** ⇒ The "Introductory Notes" to the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/Draft1924/Draft1924_all.pdf "Reconstructed Book III on Specific Contracts"] 》

== '''BOOK III ON SPECIFIC CONTRACTS. (April 1924)''' ==

← Previous Page | '''[[1924th_Introduction|Next Page →]]'''

=== '''TITLE I. Sale.''' ===

==== Chapter I. Nature and essentials of the contract of Sale. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter01 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 453 – 457.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter01 Part02|Part II. Transfer of Ownership.]] =====

* Secs. 458 – 460.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter01 Part03|Part III. Promise of Sale.]] =====

* Secs. 461 – 463.

==== Chapter II. Duties and liabilities of the seller. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. Delivery.]] =====

* Secs. 464 – 472.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Liability for Defects.]] =====

* Secs. 473 – 476.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part03|Part III. Liability for Eviction.]] =====

* Secs. 477 – 487.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part04|Part IV. Clause for Non-liability.]] =====

* Secs. 488 – 490.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter03|Chapter III. Duties of the buyer.]] ====

* Secs. 491 – 493.

==== Chapter IV. Of some particular kinds of Sales. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part01|Part I. Sale with Right of Redemption.]] =====

* Secs. 494 – 506.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part02|Part II. Sale by Sample. – Sale on Approval.]] =====

* Secs. 507 – 512.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part03|Part III. Sale by Number, Quantity, Weight or Measure.]] =====

* Secs. 513 – 517.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part04|Part IV. Sale by Auction.]] =====

* Secs. 518 – 526.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title02|TITLE II. Exchange.]]''' ===

* Secs. 527 – 529.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title03|TITLE III. Gift.]]''' ===

* Secs. 530 – 551.

=== '''TITLE IV. Hire of Property.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 552 – 560.

==== Chapter II. Duties and Liabilities of the Lessor. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. Delivery and Repair.]] =====

* Secs. 561 – 565.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Liability for Defects.]] =====

* Secs. 566 – 570.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter02 Part03|Part III. Liability for Eviction.]] =====

* Secs. 571 – 580.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter02 Part04|Part IV. Clause for Non-liability.]] =====
Sec. 581.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter03|Chapter III. Duties and Liabilities of the Lessee.]] ====

* Secs. 582 – 598.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Extinction of the Lease.]] ====

* Secs. 599 – 608.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter05|Chapter V. Transfer of Lease and Sublease.]] ====

* Secs. 609 – 611.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title05|TITLE V. Hire-Purchase.]]''' ===

* Secs. 612 – 614.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title06|TITLE VI. Hire of Services.]]''' ===

* Secs. 615 – 627.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title07|TITLE VII. Hire of Work.]]''' ===

* Secs. 628 – 654.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title08|TITLE VIII. Carriage.]]''' ===

* Secs. 655 – 656.

==== Chapter I. Carriage of Goods. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter01 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 657 – 661.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter01 Part02|Part II. Duties and Liabilities of the Carrier.]] =====

* Secs. 662 – 676.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter01 Part03|Part III. Rights and Duties of the Sender and the Consignee.]] =====

* Secs. 677 – 690.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter02|Chapter II. Carriage of Passengers.]] ====

* Secs. 691 – 696.

=== '''TITLE IX. Loan.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title09 Chapter01|Chapter I. Loan for Use.]] ====

* Secs. 697 – 715.

==== Chapter II. Loan for Consumption. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title09 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 716 – 720.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title09 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Special Rules for Loan of Money.]] =====

* Secs. 721 – 724.

=== '''TITLE X. Deposit.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title10 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 725 – 744.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title10 Chapter02|Chapter II. Special Rules for Deposit of Money.]] ====

* Secs. 745 – 746.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title10 Chapter03|Chapter III. Special Rules for Innkeepers.]] ====

* Secs. 747 – 752.

=== '''TITLE XI. Suretyship.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 753 – 762.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter02|Chapter II. Effects before Performance.]] ====

* Secs. 763 – 770.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter03|Chapter III. Effects after Performance.]] ====

* Secs. 771 – 775.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Extinction of Suretyship.]] ====

* Secs. 776 – 780.

=== '''TITLE XII. Mortgage.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 781 – 795.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter02|Chapter II. Extent of Mortgage.]] ====

* Secs. 796 – 802.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter03|Chapter III. Rights and Duties of Mortgagee and Mortgagor.]] ====

* Secs. 803 – 809.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Enforcement of Mortgage.]] ====

* Secs. 810 – 818.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter05|Chapter V. Rights and Duties of the Transferee of a mortgaged property.]] ====

* Secs. 819 – 830.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Extinction of Mortgage.]] ====

* Secs. 831 – 834.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter07|Chapter VII. Registration.]] ====

* Sec. 835.

=== '''TITLE XIII. Pledge.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title13 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 836 – 851.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title13 Chapter02|Chapter II. Rights and Duties of Pledgee and Pledgor.]] ====

* Secs. 852 – 859.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title13 Chapter03|Chapter III. Enforcement of Pledge.]] ====

* Secs. 860 – 867.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title13 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Extinction of Pledge.]] ====

* Sec. 868.

=== '''TITLE XIV. Warehousing.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title14 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 869 – 881.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title14 Chapter02|Chapter II. Warehouse Receipt and Warrant.]] ====

* Secs. 882 – 902.

=== '''TITLE XV. Agency.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 903 – 917.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter02|Chapter II. Duties of the Agent to the Principal.]] ====

* Secs. 918 – 923.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter03|Chapter III. Duties of the Principal to the Agent.]] ====

* Secs. 924 – 931.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Liability of Principal and Agent to Third Persons.]] ====

* Secs. 932 – 938.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter05|Chapter V. Extinction of Agency.]] ====

* Secs. 939 – 948.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Subagency.]] ====

* Secs. 949 – 955.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter07|Chapter VII. Commission Agency.]] ====

* Sec. 956.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title16|TITLE XVI. Brokerage.]]''' ===

* Secs. 957 – 965.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title17|TITLE XVII. Compromise.]]''' ===

* Secs. 966 – 971.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title18|TITLE XVIII. Gambling and Betting.]]''' ===

* Secs. 972 – 974.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title19|TITLE XIX. Current Account.]]''' ===

* Secs. 975 – 983.

=== '''TITLE XX. Insurance.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 984 – 992.

==== Chapter II. Insurance against Loss. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 993 – 1007.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Special Rules for Insurance on Carriage.]] =====

* Secs. 1008 – 1011.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter02 Part03|Part III. Guarantee Insurance.]] =====

* Secs. 1012 – 1013.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter03|Chapter III. Insurance on Life.]] ====

* Secs. 1014 – 1022.

=== '''TITLE XXI. Bills.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 1023 – 1033.

==== Chapter II. Bills of Exchange. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. Drawing of a Bill of Exchange.]] =====

* Secs. 1034 – 1046.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Effects of a Bill of Exchange.]] =====

* Secs. 1047 – 1050.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part03|Part III. Transfer and Indorsement.]] =====

* Secs. 1051 – 1065.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part04|Part IV. Acceptance.]] =====

* Secs. 1066 – 1077.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part05|Part V. Suretyship.]] =====

* Secs. 1078 – 1083.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part06|Part VI. Payment.]] =====

* Secs. 1084 – 1096.

===== Part VII. Acceptance or Payment for Honour. =====

====== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part07 01|1. Acceptance for Honour.]] ======

* Secs. 1097 – 1104.

====== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part07 02|2. Payment for Honour.]] ======

* Secs. 1105 – 1115.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part08|Part VIII. Right of Recourse.]] =====

* Secs. 1116 – 1134.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part09|Part IX. Bills of Exchange in a Set.]] =====

* Secs. 1135 – 1139.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter03|Chapter III. Promissory Notes.]] ====

* Secs. 1140 – 1148.

==== Chapter IV. Cheques. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter04 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 1149 – 1160.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter04 Part02|Part II. Crossed Cheques.]] =====

* Secs. 1161 – 1163.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter05|Chapter V. Prescription.]] ====

* Secs. 1164 – 1165.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Forged, Stolen and Lost Bills.]] ====

* Secs. 1166 – 1179.

――― ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ―――

1924th Main Page

2026-10-14T09:59:44Z

Codesuser:

= '''[[1924th Main Page|DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. (April 1924)]]''' =

== '''Introduction.''' ==
* The following text of the Draft for the Book III of the "Civil and Commercial Code for the Kingdom of Siam" was reconstructed from the Documents in Vols. [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163432 40], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163433 41], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163434 42], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163435 43], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163436 44], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163437 45], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163438 46], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163439 47], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163473 86], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163474 87], [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163475 88], and [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163476 89] of '''[https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Search/index/collection:39 “The Archives of the History of Thai Codification”]'''. Unfortunately, the the Archives do not contain its original copy.

* For the details, please, refer to:
** ⇒ The Special Page [[1924th_Introduction|"Introductory Notes for the Draft April 1924"]] 》and
** ⇒ The "Introductory Notes" to the [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/Draft1924/Draft1924_all.pdf "Reconstructed Book III on Specific Contracts"] 》

== '''BOOK III ON SPECIFIC CONTRACTS. (April 1924)''' ==

← Previous Page | '''[[1924th_Introduction|Next Page →]]'''

=== '''TITLE I. Sale.''' ===

==== Chapter I. Nature and essentials of the contract of Sale. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter01 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 453 – 457.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter01 Part02|Part II. Transfer of Ownership.]] =====

* Secs. 458 – 460.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter01 Part03|Part III. Promise of Sale.]] =====

* Secs. 461 – 463.

==== Chapter II. Duties and liabilities of the seller. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. Delivery.]] =====

* Secs. 464 – 472.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Liability for Defects.]] =====

* Secs. 473 – 476.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part03|Part III. Liability for Eviction.]] =====

* Secs. 477 – 487.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter02 Part04|Part IV. Clause for Non-liability.]] =====

* Secs. 488 – 490.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter03|Chapter III. Duties of the buyer.]] ====

* Secs. 491 – 493.

==== Chapter IV. Of some particular kinds of Sales. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part01|Part I. Sale with Right of Redemption.]] =====

* Secs. 494 – 506.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part02|Part II. Sale by Sample. – Sale on Approval.]] =====

* Secs. 507 – 512.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part03|Part III. Sale by Number, Quantity, Weight or Measure.]] =====

* Secs. 513 – 517.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title01 Chapter04 Part04|Part IV. Sale by Auction.]] =====

* Secs. 518 – 526.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title02|TITLE II. Exchange.]]''' ===

* Secs. 527 – 529.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title03|TITLE III. Gift.]]''' ===

* Secs. 530 – 551.

=== '''TITLE IV. Hire of Property.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 552 – 560.

==== Chapter II. Duties and Liabilities of the Lessor. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. Delivery and Repair.]] =====

* Secs. 561 – 565.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Liability for Defects.]] =====

* Secs. 566 – 570.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter02 Part03|Part III. Liability for Eviction.]] =====

* Secs. 571 – 580.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter02 Part04|Part IV. Clause for Non-liability.]] =====
Sec. 581.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter03|Chapter III. Duties and Liabilities of the Lessee.]] ====

* Secs. 582 – 598.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Extinction of the Lease.]] ====

* Secs. 599 – 608.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title04 Chapter05|Chapter V. Transfer of Lease and Sublease.]] ====

* Secs. 609 – 611.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title05|TITLE V. Hire-Purchase.]]''' ===

* Secs. 612 – 614.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title06|TITLE VI. Hire of Services.]]''' ===

* Secs. 615 – 627.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title07|TITLE VII. Hire of Work.]]''' ===

* Secs. 628 – 654.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title08|TITLE VIII. Carriage.]]''' ===

* Secs. 655 – 656.

==== Chapter I. Carriage of Goods. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter01 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 657 – 661.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter01 Part02|Part II. Duties and Liabilities of the Carrier.]] =====

* Secs. 662 – 676.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter01 Part03|Part III. Rights and Duties of the Sender and the Consignee.]] =====

* Secs. 677 – 690.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title08 Chapter02|Chapter II. Carriage of Passengers.]] ====

* Secs. 691 – 696.

=== '''TITLE IX. Loan.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title09 Chapter01|Chapter I. Loan for Use.]] ====

* Secs. 697 – 715.

==== Chapter II. Loan for Consumption. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title09 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 716 – 720.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title09 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Special Rules for Loan of Money.]] =====

* Secs. 721 – 724.

=== '''TITLE X. Deposit.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title10 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 725 – 744.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title10 Chapter02|Chapter II. Special Rules for Deposit of Money.]] ====

* Secs. 745 – 746.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title10 Chapter03|Chapter III. Special Rules for Innkeepers.]] ====

* Secs. 747 – 752.

=== '''TITLE XI. Suretyship.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 753 – 762.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter02|Chapter II. Effects before Performance.]] ====

* Secs. 763 – 770.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter03|Chapter III. Effects after Performance.]] ====

* Secs. 771 – 775.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title11 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Extinction of Suretyship.]] ====

* Secs. 776 – 780.

=== '''TITLE XII. Mortgage.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 781 – 795.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter02|Chapter II. Extent of Mortgage.]] ====

* Secs. 796 – 802.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter03|Chapter III. Rights and Duties of Mortgagee and Mortgagor.]] ====

* Secs. 803 – 809.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Enforcement of Mortgage.]] ====

* Secs. 810 – 818.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter05|Chapter V. Rights and Duties of the Transferee of a mortgaged property.]] ====

* Secs. 819 – 830.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Extinction of Mortgage.]] ====

* Secs. 831 – 834.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title12 Chapter07|Chapter VII. Registration.]] ====

* Sec. 835.

=== '''TITLE XIII. Pledge.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title13 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 836 – 851.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title13 Chapter02|Chapter II. Rights and Duties of Pledgee and Pledgor.]] ====

* Secs. 852 – 859.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title13 Chapter03|Chapter III. Enforcement of Pledge.]] ====

* Secs. 860 – 867.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title13 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Extinction of Pledge.]] ====

* Sec. 868.

=== '''TITLE XIV. Warehousing.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title14 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 869 – 881.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title14 Chapter02|Chapter II. Warehouse Receipt and Warrant.]] ====

* Secs. 882 – 902.

=== '''TITLE XV. Agency.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 903 – 917.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter02|Chapter II. Duties of the Agent to the Principal.]] ====

* Secs. 918 – 923.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter03|Chapter III. Duties of the Principal to the Agent.]] ====

* Secs. 924 – 931.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Liability of Principal and Agent to Third Persons.]] ====

* Secs. 932 – 938.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter05|Chapter V. Extinction of Agency.]] ====

* Secs. 939 – 948.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Subagency.]] ====

* Secs. 949 – 955.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title15 Chapter07|Chapter VII. Commission Agency.]] ====

* Sec. 956.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title16|TITLE XVI. Brokerage.]]''' ===

* Secs. 957 – 965.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title17|TITLE XVII. Compromise.]]''' ===

* Secs. 966 – 971.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title18|TITLE XVIII. Gambling and Betting.]]''' ===

* Secs. 972 – 974.

=== '''[[1924th Book3 Title19|TITLE XIX. Current Account.]]''' ===

* Secs. 975 – 983.

=== '''TITLE XX. Insurance.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 984 – 992.

==== Chapter II. Insurance against Loss. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 993 – 1007.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Special Rules for Insurance on Carriage.]] =====

* Secs. 1008 – 1011.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter02 Part03|Part III. Guarantee Insurance.]] =====

* Secs. 1012 – 1013.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title20 Chapter03|Chapter III. Insurance on Life.]] ====

* Secs. 1014 – 1022.

=== '''TITLE XXI. Bills.''' ===

==== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ====

* Secs. 1023 – 1033.

==== Chapter II. Bills of Exchange. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part01|Part I. Drawing of a Bill of Exchange.]] =====

* Secs. 1034 – 1046.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part02|Part II. Effects of a Bill of Exchange.]] =====

* Secs. 1047 – 1050.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part03|Part III. Transfer and Indorsement.]] =====

* Secs. 1051 – 1065.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part04|Part IV. Acceptance.]] =====

* Secs. 1066 – 1077.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part05|Part V. Suretyship.]] =====

* Secs. 1078 – 1083.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part06|Part VI. Payment.]] =====

* Secs. 1084 – 1096.

===== Part VII. Acceptance or Payment for Honour. =====

====== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part07 01|1. Acceptance for Honour.]] ======

* Secs. 1097 – 1104.

====== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part07 02|2. Payment for Honour.]] ======

* Secs. 1105 – 1115.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part08|Part VIII. Right of Recourse.]] =====

* Secs. 1116 – 1134.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter02 Part09|Part IX. Bills of Exchange in a Set.]] =====

* Secs. 1135 – 1139.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter03|Chapter III. Promissory Notes.]] ====

* Secs. 1140 – 1148.

==== Chapter IV. Cheques. ====

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter04 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====

* Secs. 1149 – 1160.

===== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter04 Part02|Part II. Crossed Cheques.]] =====

* Secs. 1161 – 1163.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter05|Chapter V. Prescription.]] ====

* Secs. 1164 – 1165.

==== [[1924th Book3 Title21 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Forged, Stolen and Lost Bills.]] ====

* Secs. 1166 – 1179.

――― ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ―――

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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๔_เก็บของในคลังสินค้า|ลักษณัะ ๑๔ เก็บของในคลังสินค้า]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๑_บทเบ็ดเสร็จทั่วไป_6|หมวด ๑ บทเบ็ดเสร็จทั่วไป]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0770|มาตรา 770]]
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* [[2471th Sec 0774|มาตรา 774]]

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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๔_เก็บของในคลังสินค้า|ลักษณัะ ๑๔ เก็บของในคลังสินค้า]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๑_บทเบ็ดเสร็จทั่วไป_6|หมวด ๑ บทเบ็ดเสร็จทั่วไป]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0770|มาตรา 770]]
* [[2471th Sec 0771|มาตรา 771]]
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* [[2471th Sec 0773|มาตรา 773]]
* [[2471th Sec 0774|มาตรา 774]]

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== บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๓_จำนำ|ลักษณะ ๑๓ จำนำ]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๔_ความระงับสิ้นไปแห่งการจำนำ|หมวด ๔ ความระงับสิ้นไปแห่งการจำนำ]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0769|มาตรา 769]]

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== บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๓_จำนำ|ลักษณะ ๑๓ จำนำ]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๓_การบังคับจำนำ|หมวด ๓ การบังคับจำนำ]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0764|มาตรา 764]]
* [[2471th Sec 0765|มาตรา 765]]
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* [[2471th Sec 0768|มาตรา 768]]

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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๓_จำนำ|ลักษณะ ๑๓ จำนำ]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๒_สิทธิและหน้าที่ของผู้จำนำและผู้รับจำนำ|หมวด ๒ สิทธิและน่าที่ของผู้จำนำและผู้รับจำนำ]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0758|มาตรา 758]]
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* [[2471th Sec 0761|มาตรา 761]]
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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๒_จำนอง|ลักษณะ ๑๒ จำนอง]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๖_ความระงับสิ้นไปแห่งสัญญาจำนอง|หมวด ๖ ความระงับสิ้นไปแห่งสัญญาจำนอง]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0744|มาตรา 744]]
* [[2471th Sec 0745|มาตรา 745]]
* [[2471th Sec 0746|มาตรา 746]]

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== บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๒_จำนอง|ลักษณะ ๑๒ จำนอง]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๖_ความระงับสิ้นไปแห่งสัญญาจำนอง|หมวด ๖ ความระงับสิ้นไปแห่งสัญญาจำนอง]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0744|มาตรา 744]]
* [[2471th Sec 0745|มาตรา 745]]
* [[2471th Sec 0746|มาตรา 746]]

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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๒_จำนอง|ลักษณะ ๑๒ จำนอง]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๕_สิทธิและหน้าที่ของผู้รับโอนทรัพย์สินซึ่งจำนอง|หมวด ๕ สิทธิและน่าที่ของผู้รับโอนทรัพย์สินซึ่งจำนอง]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0736|มาตรา 736]]
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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๒_จำนอง|ลักษณะ ๑๒ จำนอง]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๓_สิทธิแลหน้าที่ของผู้รับจำนองแลผู้จำนอง|หมวด ๓ สิทธิแลน่าที่ของผู้รับจำนองแลผู้จำนอง]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0722|มาตรา 722]]
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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๑_ค้ำประกัน|ลักษณะ ๑๑ ค้ำประกัน]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๔_ความระงับสิ้นไปแห่งการค้ำประกัน|หมวด ๔ ความระงับสิ้นไปแห่งการค้ำประกัน]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0698|มาตรา 698]]
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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๑_ค้ำประกัน|ลักษณะ ๑๑ ค้ำประกัน]] ===

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* [[2471th Sec 0693|มาตรา 693]]
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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๑_ค้ำประกัน|ลักษณะ ๑๑ ค้ำประกัน]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๑_บทเบ็ดเสร็จทั่วไป_3|หมวด ๑ บทเบ็ดเสร็จทั่วไป]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0680|มาตรา 680]]
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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๐_ฝากทรัพย์|ลักษณะ ๑๐ ฝากทรัพย์]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๓_วิธีเฉภาะสำหรับเจ้าสำนักโรงแรม|หมวด ๓ วิธีเฉภาะสำหรับเจ้าสำนักโรงแรม]] ====

* [[2471th Sec 0674|มาตรา 674]]
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== [[2471th Main Page#บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา|บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา]] ==

=== [[2471th_Main_Page#ลักษณัะ_๑๐_ฝากทรัพย์|ลักษณะ ๑๐ ฝากทรัพย์]] ===

==== [[2471th_Main_Page#หมวด_๒_วิธีเฉภาะการฝากเงิน|หมวด ๒ วิธีเฉภาะการฝากเงิน]] ====

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2471th Book3 Chapter08

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Codesuser: /* ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471 */

2471th Book3 Chapter07

2026-10-14T09:34:20Z

Codesuser: /* ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471 */

2471th Book3 Chapter06

2026-10-14T09:33:34Z

Codesuser: /* ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471 */

2471th Book3 Chapter05

2026-10-14T09:33:02Z

Codesuser: /* ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471 */

2471th Book3 Chapter04 Title04

2026-10-14T09:18:51Z

Codesuser: /* ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471 */

2471th Book3 Chapter04 Title03

2026-10-14T09:17:39Z

Codesuser: /* ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471 */