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	<title>Thai Codification Codes of 1925 - User contributions [en]</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-01T10:04:09Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part02&amp;diff=9184</id>
		<title>2471th Book3 Chapter01 Title02 Part02</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part02&amp;diff=9184"/>
		<updated>2026-04-21T02:40:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: /* หมวด ๒ น่าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th Main Page|ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471]]&#039;&#039;&#039; =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part01|← Previous Page]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part03|Next Page →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== &#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณ ๑ ซื้อขาย&#039;&#039;&#039; ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== หมวด ๒ หน้าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== ส่วนที่ ๒ ความรับผิดเพื่อชำรุดบกพร่อง =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0472|มาตรา 472]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0473|มาตรา 473]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0474|มาตรา 474]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part03&amp;diff=9183</id>
		<title>2471th Book3 Chapter01 Title02 Part03</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part03&amp;diff=9183"/>
		<updated>2026-04-21T02:39:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: /* หมวด ๒ น่าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th Main Page|ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471]]&#039;&#039;&#039; =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part02|← Previous Page]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part04|Next Page →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== &#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๑ ซื้อขาย&#039;&#039;&#039; ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== หมวด ๒ หน้าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== ส่วนที่ ๓ ความรับผิดการรอนสิทธิ =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0475|มาตรา 475]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0476|มาตรา 476]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0477|มาตรา 477]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0478|มาตรา 478]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0479|มาตรา 479]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0480|มาตรา 480]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0481|มาตรา 481]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0482|มาตรา 482]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part04&amp;diff=9182</id>
		<title>2471th Book3 Chapter01 Title02 Part04</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part04&amp;diff=9182"/>
		<updated>2026-04-21T02:39:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: /* หมวด ๒ น่าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th Main Page|ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471]]&#039;&#039;&#039; =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part03|← Previous Page]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title03|Next Page →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== &#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๑ ซื้อขาย&#039;&#039;&#039; ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== หมวด ๒ หน้าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== ส่วนที่ ๔ ข้อสัญญาว่าจะไม่ต้องรับผิด =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0483|มาตรา 483]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0484|มาตรา 484]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0485|มาตรา 485]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part01&amp;diff=9181</id>
		<title>2471th Book3 Chapter01 Title02 Part01</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part01&amp;diff=9181"/>
		<updated>2026-04-21T02:37:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: /* หมวด ๒ น่าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= [[2471th Main Page|ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ บรรพ ๓ พ.ศ. 2471]] =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== บรรพ ๓ เอกเทศสัญญา ==&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title01_Part02|← Previous Page]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2471th_Book3_Chapter01_Title02_Part02|Next Page →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== ลักษณะ ๑ ซื้อขาย ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== หมวด ๒ หน้าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== ส่วนที่ ๑ การส่งมอบ =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0461|มาตรา 461]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0462|มาตรา 462]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0463|มาตรา 463]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0464|มาตรา 464]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0465|มาตรา 465]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0466|มาตรา 466]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0467|มาตรา 467]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0468|มาตรา 468]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0469|มาตรา 469]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0470|มาตรา 470]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2471th Sec 0471|มาตรา 471]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=1896de_Main_Page&amp;diff=9180</id>
		<title>1896de Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=1896de_Main_Page&amp;diff=9180"/>
		<updated>2026-04-07T10:17:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: /* Book III. Low of Things. */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;= &#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de Main Page|GERMAN CIVIL CODE OF 1896]]&#039;&#039;&#039; =&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Based on the English Translation by:&#039;&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;Wang, Chung Hui&#039;&#039; (1907). The German Civil Code, translated and annotated with historical introduction and appendices. London: Stevens and Sons. [available on [https://archive.org/details/germancivilcod00germ Archive.org]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[1896de Inhaltsverzeichnis|Original Version in German.]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== BOOK I. General Principles. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter I. Persons. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book1 Chapter01 Title01|Title I. Natural Persons.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1 – 20.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Title II. Juristic Persons. ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Part I. Associations. =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== [[1896de Book1 Chapter01 Title02 Part01 No01|1. General Provisions.]] ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 21 – 54.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== [[1896de Book1 Chapter01 Title02 Part01 No02|2. Registered Associations.]] ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 55 – 79.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book1 Chapter01 Title02 Part02|Part II. Foundations.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 80 – 88.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book1 Chapter01 Title02 Part03|Part III. Juristic Persons under Public Law.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Sec. 89.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book1 Chapter02|Chapter II. Things.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 90 – 103.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter III. Juristic Acts. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book1 Chapter03 Title01|Title I. Disposing Capacity.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 104 – 115.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book1 Chapter03 Title02|Title II. Declaration of Intention.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 116 – 144.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book1 Chapter03 Title03|Title III. Contract.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 145 – 157.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book1 Chapter03 Title04|Title IV. Conditions, Limitation of Time.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 158 – 163.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book1 Chapter03 Title05|Title V. Agency, Power of Agency.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 164 – 181.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book1 Chapter03 Title06|Title VI. Approval, Ratification.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 182 – 185.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book1 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Periods of Time, Dates.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 186 – 193.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book1 Chapter05|Chapter V. Prescriptions.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 194 – 225.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book1 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Exercise of Rights, Self-Defense, Self-Help.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 226 – 231.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book1 Chapter07|Chapter VII. Giving of Security.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 232 – 240.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== BOOK II. Law of Obligations. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter I. Scope of Obligations. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter01 Title01|Title I. Obligation of Performance.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 241 – 292.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter01 Title02|Title II. Default of the Creditor.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 293 – 304.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter II. Obligations Ex Contractu. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter02 Title01|Title I. Creation of an Obligation, Scope of a Contract.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
*Secs. 305 – 319.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter02 Title02|Title II. Mutual Contract.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
*Secs. 320 – 327.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter02 Title03|Title III. Promise of Performance in favour of a Third Party.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
*Secs. 328 – 335.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter02 Title04|Title IV. Earnest, Stipulated Penalty.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
*Secs. 336 – 345.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter02 Title05|Title V. Rescission.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
*Secs. 346 – 361&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter III. Extinction of Obligations. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter03 Title01|Title I. Fulfilment.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 362 – 371.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter03 Title02|Title II. Lodgment.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 372 – 386.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter03 Title03|Title III. Set-off]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 387 – 396.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter03 Title04|Title IV. Release.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Sec. 397.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book2 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Transfer of Claims.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 398 – 413.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book2 Chapter05|Chapter V. Assumption of Debt.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 414 – 419.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book2 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Plurality of Debtors and Creditors.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 420 – 432.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter VII. Particular Kinds of Obligations. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Title I. Sale, Exchange. ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title01 Part01|Part. I General Provisions.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 433 – 458.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title01 Part02|Part II. Warranty against Defects of Quality.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 459 – 493.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Part III. Particular Kinds of Sale. =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title01 Part03 No01|I. Sale according to Sample, Sale on Approval.]] ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 494 – 496.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title01 Part03 No02|II. Re-purchase.]] ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 497 – 503.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title01 Part03 No03|III. Pre-emption.]] ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 504 – 514.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title01 Part03 No04|IV. Exchange.]] ======&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Sec. 515.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title02|Title II. Gift.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 516 – 534.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Title III. Ordinary Lease, Usufructuary Lease. ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title03 Part01|Part I. Ordinary Lease.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 535 – 580.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title03 Part02|Part II. Usufructuary Lease.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 581 – 597.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title04|Title IV. Loan for Use.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 598 – 606.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title05|Title V. Loan for Consumption.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 607 – 610.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title06|Title VI. Contract for Service.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 611 – 630.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title07|Title VII. Contract for Work.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 631 – 651.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title08|Title VIII. Brokerage.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 652 – 656.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title09|Title IX. Promise of Reward.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 657 – 661.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title10|Title X. Mandate.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 662 – 676.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title11|Title XI. Management of Affairs without Mandate.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 677 – 687.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title12|Title XII. Deposit.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 688 – 700.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title13|Title XIII. Delivery of Things to Innkeepers.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 701 – 704.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title14|Title XIV. Partnership.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 705 – 740.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title15|Title XV. Community of Ownership.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 741 – 758.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title16|Title XVI. Annuities.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 759 – 761.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title17|Title XVII. Gaming, Betting.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 762 – 764.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title18|Title XVIII. Suretyship.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 765 – 778.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title19|Title XIX. Compromise.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Sec. 779.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title20|Title XX. Promise of Debt, Acknowledgment of Debt.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 780 – 782.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title21|Title XXI. Orders to Pay or Deliver.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 783 – 792.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title22|Title XXII. Obligations to Bearer.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 793 – 808.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title23|Title XXIII. Production of Things.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 809 – 811.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title24|Title XXIV. Unjustified Benefits.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 812 – 822.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book2 Chapter07 Title25|Title XXV. Unlawful Acts.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 823 – 853.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Book III. Law of Things. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book3 Chapter01|Chapter I. Possession.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 854 – 872.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book3 Chapter02|Chapter II. General Provisions relating to Rights over Land.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 873 – 902.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter III. Ownership. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title01|Title I. Scope of Ownership.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 903 – 924.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title02|Title II. Acguisition and Loss of Ownership of Land.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 925 – 928.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Title III. Acguisition and Loss of Ownership of Moveables. ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title03 Part01|Part I. Transfer.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 929 – 936.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title03 Part02|Part II. Usucapion.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 937 – 945.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title03 Part03|Part III. Incorporation. Confusion. Specification.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 946 – 952.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title03 Part04|Part IV. Acquisition of Products and other Component Parts of a Thing.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 953 – 957.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title03 Part05|Part V. Appropriation.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 958 – 964.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title03 Part06|Part VI. Finding.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 965 – 984.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title04|Title IV. Claims arising from Ownership.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 985 – 1007.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter03 Title05|Title V. Co-ownership.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1008 – 1011.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book3 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Heritable Building Rights.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1012 – 1017.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter V. Servitudes. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter05 Title01|Title I. Real Servitudes.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1018 – 1029.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Title II. Usufruct. ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter05 Title02 Part01|Part I. Usufruct of Things.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1030 – 1067.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter05 Title02 Part02|Part II. Usufruct of Rights.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1068 – 1084.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter05 Title02 Part03|Part III. Usufruct of a Person’s Whole Property.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1085 – 1089.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter05 Title03|Title III. Limited Personal Servitudes.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1090 – 1093.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book3 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Real Right of Pre-emption.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1094 – 1104.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[1896de Book3 Chapter07|Chapter VII. Perpetual Charge on Land.]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1105 – 1112.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter VIII. Hypotheca. Land Charge. Annuity Charge. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter08 Title01|Title I. Hypotheca.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1113 – 1190.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Title II. Land Charge. Annuity Charge. ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter08 Title02 Part01|Part I. Land Charge.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1191 – 1198.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== [[1896de Book3 Chapter08 Title02 Part02|Part II. Annuity Charge.]] =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1199 – 1203.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Chapter IX. Pledge of Moveables and of Rights. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter09 Title01|Title I. Pledge of Moveables.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1204 – 1272.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== [[1896de Book3 Chapter09 Title02|Title II. Pledge of Rights.]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Secs. 1273 – 1296.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Getting started ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/mediawiki-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ MediaWiki release mailing list]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Localisation#Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki for your language]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Combating_spam Learn how to combat spam on your wiki]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0193&amp;diff=9179</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0193</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0193&amp;diff=9179"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:45:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0192|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0194|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 193&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* เมื่อไม่ได้ยกอายุความขึ้นเป็นข้อต่อสู้ ท่านว่าจะอ้างเอาอายุความมาเป็นมูลยกฟ้องไม่ได้&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 193.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* When prescription has not been set up as a defence, the Court cannot dismiss the claim on the ground of prescription.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0192-0193.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0428|428]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-29|193/29]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_145.|145]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/codenapoleonorf00spengoog/page/614/mode/2up Fr.2223]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; [; &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.142&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.428:&lt;br /&gt;
** เมื่อไม่ได้ยกอายุความขึ้นเป็นข้อต่อสู้ ท่านว่าศาลจะต้องอ้างเอาอายุความมาเป็นมูลยกฟ้องไม่ได้&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous sources are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* French Civil Code (1804), Art.2223:&lt;br /&gt;
** Judges cannot supply officially the argument resulting from prescription.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.142:&lt;br /&gt;
** Der Richter darf die Verjährung nicht von Amtes wegen berücksichtigen.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0192&amp;diff=9178</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0192</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0192&amp;diff=9178"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:45:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0191|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0193|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 192&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ประโยชน์แห่งอายุความนั้น จะอาจละเสียได้ต่อเมื่ออายุความครบบริบูรณ์แล้ว แต่การที่ละเสียเช่นนี้ไม่ย่อมลบล้างสิทธิของบุคคลภายนอก&lt;br /&gt;
* อนึ่งการที่ลูกหนี้ชั้นต้นละเสียซึ่งอายุความนั้น ย่อมไม่ลบล้างสิทธิของผู้ค้ำประกัน&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 192.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] The benefit of prescription can be waived only after it has been completed, but such waiver does not prejudice the right of third persons.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] The waiver of prescription by the principal debtor does not prejudice the surety.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0192-0193.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0426|426]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-24|193/24]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_146.|146]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_225.|225]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/germancivilcode01germgoog/page/166/mode/2up 768 [=768 par.2]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/codenapoleonorf00spengoog/page/612/mode/2up Fr.2220]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;; * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024893640/page/n77/mode/2up Br.161]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;; &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.141 par.3&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
This section would be &amp;lt;u&amp;gt;a compound provision from two different models&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
* [Primary model] Civil Code of Brazil (1916), Art.161;&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] The waiver (renuncia) of prescription may be express or tacit, and it will only be effective (só valerá) when made, without prejudice of third persons, after the prescription is consummated.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] The waiver is tacit when it is presumed from acts (factos) of the interested party incompatible with the prescription.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [Secondary model] Japanese Civil Code (1896/98), Art.146;&lt;br /&gt;
** The benefit of prescription cannot be renounced (waived) in advance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [Third model] German Civil Code (1896), Sec.768;&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] A surety may set up all defences belonging to the principal debtor. If the principal debtor dies the surety may not avail himself of the fact that the heir has only a limited liability for the obligation.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] The surety does not lose a defence by reason of the fact that the principal debtor has waived it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous sources are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
* French Civil Code (1804), Art.2220:&lt;br /&gt;
** Prescription cannot be renounced by anticipation ; prescription acquired may be renounced.&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.141:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] Auf die Verjährung kann nicht zum voraus verzichtet werden.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] Der Verzicht eines Solidarschuldners kann den übrigen Solidarschuldnern nicht entgegen gehalten werden.&lt;br /&gt;
** [III] Dasselbe gilt unter mehreren Schuldnern einer unteilbaren Leistung und für den Bürgen beim Verzicht des Hauptschuldners.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0191&amp;diff=9177</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0191</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0191&amp;diff=9177"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:45:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0190|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0192|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 191&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* อายุความที่กฎหมายกำหนดไว้นั้น ผู้ใดหาอาจจะขยายออกหรือย่นเข้าได้ไม่&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 191.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* The periods of prescription fixed by law cannot be extended or reduced.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0185-0191.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0427|427]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-11|193/11]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_225.|225]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.129&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.427:&lt;br /&gt;
** อายุความที่กฎหมายกำหนดไว้นั้น ผู้ใดหาอาจจะขยายออกฤๅย่นเข้าได้ไม่&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.129:&lt;br /&gt;
** Die in diesem Titel aufgestellten Verjährungsfristen können durch Verfügung der Beteiligten nicht abgeändert werden.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0190&amp;diff=9176</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0190</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0190&amp;diff=9176"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:44:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0189|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0191|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 190&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* เมื่อสิทธิเรียกร้องในส่วนที่เป็นประธานขาดอายุความแล้ว สิทธิเรียกร้องให้ชำระหนี้ส่วนที่เป็นอุปกรณ์อันต้องอาศัยส่วนที่เป็นประธานนั้นก็ตกเป็นอันขาดอายุความตามก้นไปด้วย แม้ถึงว่าอายุความอันพึงใช้ฉะเพาะแก่สิทธิเรียกร้องส่วนอุปกรณ์อันนั้นจะยังไม่ครบบริบูรณ์ก็ตาม&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 190.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* With the principal claim the claims for accessory acts of performance dependent upon it are also barred by prescription, even if the particular prescription applying to the accessory claim is not yet complete.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0185-0191.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0433|433]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-26|193/26]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): *&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_224.|224]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [S.O.133]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.224:&lt;br /&gt;
** With the principal claim the claims for accessory acts of performance dependent upon it are also barred by prescription, even if the particular prescription applying to the accessory claim is not yet complete.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.133:&lt;br /&gt;
** Mit dem Hauptanspruche verjähren die aus ihm entspringenden Zinse und andere Nebenansprüche.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0189&amp;diff=9175</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0189</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0189&amp;diff=9175"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:44:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0188|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0190|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 189&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* เหตุที่สิทธิเรียกร้องขาดอายุความ ย่อมไม่ห้ามผู้รับจับจำนอง ผู้รับจำนำ หรือผู้ทรงสิทธิยึดหน่วงทรัพย์สิน หรือเจ้าหนี้ผู้มีบุริมะสิทธิเหนือทรัพย์สินอันตนได้ยึดถือไว้ ในการที่จะใช้สิทธิบังคับจากทรัพย์สินที่จำนอง จำนำ หรือยึดถือไว้นั้น แต่เมื่อใช้สิทธิอันนี้ ท่านห้ามมิให้เจ้าหนี้คิดเอาดอกเบี้ยที่ค้างกว่าห้าปีขึ้นไป&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 189.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* The barring of the claim by prescription does not prevent a mortgagee, a pledgee or a creditor who has preferential right on property detained by him, to enforce his right out of the mortgaged, pledged or detained property. But in exercising this right the creditor cannot obtain more than five years for arrears of interest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0185-0191.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0434|434]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-27|193/27]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_223.|223]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [https://archive.org/details/principlesgerma00schugoog/page/132/mode/2up Sch.p.133]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.434:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] ความระงับแห่งหนี้โดยอายุความนั้น ย่อมไม่ห้ามผู้รับจำนอง ฤๅเจ้าหนี้ผู้มีบุริมะสิทธิเหนือทรัพย์สินที่ตนได้ยึดถือไว้ ในการที่จะเอามาตีใช้ให้พอแก่ใจตนเองจากทรัพย์สินอันจำนอง ฤๅทรัพย์สินที่ยึดถือไว้นั้น&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] แต่กระนั้นก็ดี การใช้สิทธิอันนี้ย่อมจำกัดไม่ให้ผู้รับจำนองฤๅเจ้าหนี้เรียกดอกเบี้ยที่ค้างได้กว่าห้าปี&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0188&amp;diff=9174</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0188</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0188&amp;diff=9174"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:44:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0187|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0189|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 188&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* เมื่อกำหนดอายุความได้ล่วงพ้นไปแล้ว ฝ่ายลูกหนี้ชอบที่จะบอกปัดการชำระหนี้ได้&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้ามีการชำระหนี้อย่างใดๆ ไปตามสิทธิเรียกร้องอันขาดอายุความแล้ว เป็นราคามากน้อยเท่าใด ท่านว่าจะเรียกคืนหาได้ไม่ ถึงแม้ว่าการชำระหนี้นั้นจะได้ทำไปเพราะไม่รู้กำหนดอายุความก็เรียกคืนไม่ได้&lt;br /&gt;
* วิธีเดียวกันนี้ท่านให้ใช้ตลอดถึงการรับสภาพความผิดโดยสัญญาและการที่ลูกหนี้ประกันด้วย&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 188.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] After the laps of the period of prescription the debtor is entitled to refuse performance.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] If any act of performance is done in satisfaction of a claim barred by prescription, the value of such performance may not be demanded back, even if the performance has been effected in ignorance of the prescription.&lt;br /&gt;
* [III] The same rule applies to a contractual acknowledgement of liability and to the giving of security by the debtor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0185-0191.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-10|193/10]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-28|193/28]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_222.|222]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.222:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] The prescription of a claim for which there is a hypotheca or a right of pledge does not prevent the obligee from satisfying himself out of the object in custody.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] If a right has been transferred to secure a claim, its re-transfer may not be demanded on the ground of the prescription of the claim.&lt;br /&gt;
** [III] These provisions do not apply to the case of prescription of claims for arrears of interest, or other periodical acts of performance.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0187&amp;diff=9173</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0187</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0187&amp;diff=9173"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:44:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0186|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0188|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 187&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าในเวลาที่อายุความจะสุดสิ้นลงนั้น มีเหตุสุดวิสัยมากีดกันมิให้เจ้าหนี้สามารถทำให้อายุความสดุดหยุดลงได้ไซร้ ท่านว่าอายุความนั้นยังไม่ครบบริบูรณ์จนกว่าจะพ้นเวลาสามสิบวันนับแต่วันที่อุปสรรคเช่นนั้นได้ศูนย์สิ้นไป&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 187.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* If at the time when the prescription would end, the creditor is prevented by force majeure from effecting an interruption, the prescription is not completed until thirty days after the time when such obstacle has ceased to exist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0185-0191.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-19|193/19]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_161.|161]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_203.|203 [=203 par.2]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.161:&lt;br /&gt;
** If prescription cannot be interrupted at the time when the period of time for prescription would mature owing to a natural calamity or other unavoidable accident, prescription is not completed until two weeks after the time that the obstruction ceases to exist.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0186&amp;diff=9172</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0186</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0186&amp;diff=9172"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:44:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0185|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0187|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 186&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* อายุความสิทธิเรียกร้อง อันมีอยู่เป็นคุณหรือเป็นโทษแก่บุคคลเมื่อเวลาตายนั้น ถ้าจะขาดลงภายในเวลาต่ำกว่าปีหนึ่งนับแต่วันตายไซร้ ท่านให้ขยายอายุความนั้นออกไปเป็นปีหนึ่งนับแต่วันตาย&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 186.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* When prescription of a claim existing in favour of a person or against him at the time of his death would have expired within one year after the date of the death, the period of prescription shall be extended to one year after death.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0185-0191.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0437|437]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-23|193/23]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_160.|160]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [ [[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_207.|207]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.437:&lt;br /&gt;
** หนี้ของผู้ตายเป็นฝ่ายจะได้ก็ดี ฝ่ายจะเสียก็ดี หากอายุความจะขาดลงภายในเวลาต่ำกว่าปีหนึ่ง นับแต่วันตายไซร้ ท่านให้ขยายอายุความนั้นออกไปเป็นปีหนึ่งนับแต่วันตาย&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0185&amp;diff=9171</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0185</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0185&amp;diff=9171"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:43:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0184|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0186|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 185&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* สิทธิเรียกร้องระหว่างสามีภริยา อายุความไม่ครบริบูรณ์จนกว่าจะขาดจากสามีภริยาแล้วปีหนึ่ง&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 185.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* As to claims between spouses prescription is not completed until one year after dissolution or marriage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0185-0191.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0436|436]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-22|193/22]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_159.|159 par.2]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_204.|204]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.134 par.1 No.3&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.436:&lt;br /&gt;
** สิทธิอันมีอยู่เป็นคุณแก่สามีซึ่งจะเป็นคดีต่อภริยา ฤๅสิทธิอันมีอยู่เป็นคุณแก่ภริยาซึ่งจะเป็นคดีต่อสามีนั้น อายุความไม่ครบบริบูรณ์จนกว่าจะขาดจากสามีภริยาแล้วปีหนึ่ง&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.134:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] Die Verjährung beginnt nicht und steht stille, falls sie begonnen hat:&lt;br /&gt;
*** 1. für Forderungen der Kinder gegen die Eltern während der Dauer der elterlichen Gewalt,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 2. für Forderungen der Mündel gegen den Vormund und die vormundschaftlichen Behörden während der Dauer der Vormundschaft,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 3. für Forderungen der Ehegatten gegen einander während der Dauer der Ehe,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 4. für Forderungen der Dienstboten gegen die Dienstherrschaft während der Dauer des Dienstverhältnisses,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 5. solange dem Schuldner an der Forderung eine Nutznießung zusteht,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 6. solange eine Forderung vor einem schweizerischen Gerichte nicht geltend gemacht werden kann.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] Nach Ablauf des Tages, an dem diese Verhältnisse zu Ende gehen, nimmt die Verjährung ihren Anfang oder, falls sie begonnen hatte, ihren Fortgang.&lt;br /&gt;
** [III] Vorbehalten bleiben die besondern Vorschriften des Schuldbetreibungs- und Konkursrechtes.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0184&amp;diff=9170</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0184</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0184&amp;diff=9170"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:43:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0183|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0185|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 184&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ในส่วนสิทธิเรียกร้องของผู้เยาว์ หรือของบุคคลวิกลจริต ไม่ว่าศาลจะได้สั่งให้เป็นคนไร้ความสามารถหรือหาไม่ อันจะว่ากล่าวแก่ผู้แทนโดยชอบธรรมของตนนั้น อายุความไม่ครบบริบูรณ์ จนกว่าจะพ้นปีหนึ่งภายหลังบุคคลนั้นได้ลุถึงความสามารถเต็มภูมิ หรือจนกว่าได้มีผู้แทนโดยชอบธรรมขึ้นใหม่&lt;br /&gt;
* วิธีเดียวกันนี้ท่านให้ใช้ตลอดถึงสิทธิของบุคคลผู้เสมือนไร้ความสามารถ อันจะว่ากล่าวแก่ผู้พิทักษ์ของตนด้วยโดยอนุโลม&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 184.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] With regard to the rights of a minor, or a person of unsound mind whether adjudged incompetent or not against his legal representative, prescription is not completed until one year after he has acquired full capacity or has a new legal representative.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] The same rule shall apply mutatis mutandis as to rights of a quasi-incompetent person against his curator.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0182-0184.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0435|435 par.2]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-22|193/22]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_159.|159 [=159 par.1]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_204.|204]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.134 par.1 No.1, 2&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.159:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] With regard to the rights of an incapacitated person against his father, mother, or guardian, who manages his property, prescription is not completed until the expiration of six months after the person becomes a person of full capacity or the subsequently appointed legal representative enters upon his duties.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] The same applies until the expiration of six months calculated from the dissolution of the marriage with regard to the rights of the wife against her husband.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.134:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] Die Verjährung beginnt nicht und steht stille, falls sie begonnen hat:&lt;br /&gt;
*** 1. für Forderungen der Kinder gegen die Eltern während der Dauer der elterlichen Gewalt,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 2. für Forderungen der Mündel gegen den Vormund und die vormundschaftlichen Behörden während der Dauer der Vormundschaft,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 3. für Forderungen der Ehegatten gegen einander während der Dauer der Ehe,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 4. für Forderungen der Dienstboten gegen die Dienstherrschaft während der Dauer des Dienstverhältnisses,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 5. solange dem Schuldner an der Forderung eine Nutznießung zusteht,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 6. solange eine Forderung vor einem schweizerischen Gerichte nicht geltend gemacht werden kann.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] Nach Ablauf des Tages, an dem diese Verhältnisse zu Ende gehen, nimmt die Verjährung ihren Anfang oder, falls sie begonnen hatte, ihren Fortgang.&lt;br /&gt;
** [III] Vorbehalten bleiben die besondern Vorschriften des Schuldbetreibungs- und Konkursrechtes.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0183&amp;diff=9169</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0183</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0183&amp;diff=9169"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:43:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0182|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0184|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 183&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าเวลาหนึ่งเวลาใดในหกเดือนก่อนอายุความครบกำหนดนั้น ผู้เยาว์ก็ดี หรือบุคคลวิกลจริตอันศาลจะได้สั่งให้เป็นคนไร้ความสามารถหรือหาไม่ก็ดี มิได้มีผู้แทนโดยชอบธรรมไซร้ ท่านว่าอายุความอันให้โทษแก่บุคคลเช่นนั้น ยังไม่ครบบริบูรณ์ จนกว่าจะสิ้นเวลาปีหนึ่งนับแต่วันที่บุคคลนั้นได้ลุถึงความสามารถเต็มภูมิ หรือนับแต่เวลาเมื่อความที่ขาดตัวผู้แทนโดยชอบธรรมอยู่นั้นได้สิ้นไปแล้ว&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 183.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* If at any time within six months previous to the maturity of the period for prescription, a minor or a person of unsound mind whether adjudged incompetent or not, is without a legal representative, the prescription running against him is not completed until the expiration of one year calculated from the time he acquires full capacity, or from the time when the want of a legal representative ceases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0182-0184.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0435|435 par.1]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-20|193/20]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_158.|158]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_206.|206 [=206 par.1]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: Carpentier No.256, 257&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.158:&lt;br /&gt;
** When within six months previous to the maturity of the period of time for prescription, a minor or an incompetent (interdicted ) person is without a legal representative, the prescription is not completed against him until the expiration of six months calculated from the time he acquires legal capacity, or from the time his legal representative enters upon his functions.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0182&amp;diff=9168</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0182</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0182&amp;diff=9168"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:43:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0181|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0183|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 182&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* อันอายุความ เมื่อครบกำหนดบริบูรณ์แล้ว ย่อมให้ผลย้อนหลังขึ้นไปถึงวันที่เริ่มนับอายุความ&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 182.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* When prescription is completed its effect relates back to the day when it began to run.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0182-0184.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0432|432]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-25|193/25]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_144.|144]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
This section would be &amp;lt;u&amp;gt;a compound provision from two different models&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [Primary model] Old Text (1923), Sec.432:&lt;br /&gt;
** เมื่ออายุความครบบริบูรณ์แล้ว ท่านให้ถือว่าสิทธิสิ้นมาแต่เวลาเริ่มนับอายุความนั้น&lt;br /&gt;
* [Secondary model] Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.144:&lt;br /&gt;
** The effect of prescription is retroactive as from the day on which it commences to run.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0181&amp;diff=9167</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0181</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0181&amp;diff=9167"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:43:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0180|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0182|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 181&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* เมื่ออายุความสดุดหยุดลงแล้ว ระยะเวลาที่ล่วงไปก่อนนั้นย่อมไม่นับเข้าในอายุความ&lt;br /&gt;
* เมื่อเหตุที่ทำให้อายุความสดุดหยุดลงนั้นสุดสิ้นเวลาใด ท่านให้เริ่มนับอายุความใหม่แต่เวลานั้นสืบไป&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 181.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] When prescription is interrupted, the period of time which has elapsed before interruption does not count for prescription.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] A fresh period of prescription begins to run from the time when the interruption ceases.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0178-0181.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0446|446]], [[2466th_Sec_0447|447]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-15|193/15]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_157.|157]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_217.|217]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.137 par.1&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;e most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923):&lt;br /&gt;
** Sec.446:&lt;br /&gt;
*** เมื่ออายุความสะดุดหยุดลงแล้ว ระยะเวลาที่ล่วงไปก่อนนั้นย่อมไม่นับเข้าในอายุความ&lt;br /&gt;
** Sec.447:&lt;br /&gt;
*** เมื่อเหตุที่ทำให้อายุความสะดุดหยุดลงนั้นสุดสิ้นเวลาใด ท่านให้เริ่มนับอายุความใหม่แต่เวลานั้นสืบไป&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art 137:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] Mit der Unterbrechung beginnt die Verjährung von neuem.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] Wird die Forderung durch Ausstellung einer Urkunde anerkannt oder durch Urteil des Richters festgestellt, so ist die neue Verjährungsfrist stets die zehnjährige.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0180&amp;diff=9166</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0180</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0180&amp;diff=9166"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:42:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0179|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0181|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 180&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* เจ้าหนี้ผู้จะได้รับใช้เงินเป็นคราวๆ ตามมูลแห่งหนี้ มีสิทธิที่จะให้ลูกหนี้ทำหนังสือรับสภาพหนี้ให้ในเวลาหนึ่งเวลาใดก่อนอายุความครบบริบูรณ์ เพื่อเป็นหลักฐานว่าอายุความสดุดหยุดลง&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 180.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* The creditor of an obligation for the payment of money periodically is entitled to require from the debtor at any time before the completion of the period of prescription a written acknowledgment of the obligation in order to obtain evidence of the interruption of prescription.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0178-0181.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0445|445]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-16|193/16]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title03#Article_168.|168 [=168 par.2]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [https://archive.org/details/codenapoleonorf00spengoog/page/622/mode/2up Fr.2263]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.445:&lt;br /&gt;
** เจ้าหนี้ผู้จะได้รับใช้เงินเป็นคราวๆ ตามมูลแห่งหนี้ มีสิทธิที่จะให้ลูกหนี้ทำหนังสือรับสภาพหนี้ในเวลาหนึ่งเวลาใดก่อนอายุความครบบริบูรณ์ เพื่อเป็นหลักฐานว่าอายุความสะดุดหยุดลง&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* French Civil Code (1804), Art.2263:&lt;br /&gt;
** After twenty-eight years from the date of the last title, the grantor of an annuity may be compelled to furnish at his own charge a new title to his creditor or to his assigns.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0179&amp;diff=9165</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0179</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0179&amp;diff=9165"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:42:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0178|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0180|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 179&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ในกรณีที่มอบให้อนุญาโตตุลาการพิจารณา ท่านให้ใช้บทบัญญัติมาตรา ๑๗๔ มาตรา ๑๗๕ และ ๑๗๖ บังคับอนุโลมตามควร&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 179.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* In case of submission to arbitration, the provisions of section 174, 175 and 176 shall apply mutatis mutandis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0178-0181.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0442|442]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-18|193/18]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_220.|220 [=220 par.1]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: Baud. Vol. 28 No.[??]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.220:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] If a claim is required to be enforced before a Court of arbitration or a special tribunal, before an administrative Court or an administrative authority, the provisions of 209 to 213, 215, 216, 218, 219, apply mutatis mutandis.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] If the arbitrators are not nominated in the agreement as to arbitration, or if the nomination of an arbitrator is necessary for any other reason, or if the Court of arbitration cannot be invoked until after the fulfilment of some other condition, the prescription is already interrupted by the obligee taking the steps necessary on his part for the settlement of the matter.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0178&amp;diff=9164</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0178</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0178&amp;diff=9164"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:42:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0177|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0179|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 178&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ในการพิสูจน์หนี้ในคดีล้มละลายนั้น อายุความสดุดหยุดอยู่จนกว่าจะยกเลิกการล้มละลาย หรือจนกว่าจะเฉลียทรัพย์รายได้เป็นครั้งที่สุด&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้ามีจำนวนเงินใดยึดไว้ เพราะข้อพิสูจน์หนี้หรือสิทธิเรียกร้องยังเป็นที่โต้แย้งอยู่ อายุความก็คงสดุดหยุดอยู่จนกว่าจะได้วินิจฉัยข้อพิสูจน์หรือสิทธิเรียกร้องนั้นเสร็จถึงที่สุด&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 178.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] In case of proof of bankruptcy, prescription remains interrupted until annulment of bankruptcy, or until final distribution of assets.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] If a sum is held back for a disputed proof or claim the interruption continues until such proof or claim is finally disposed of.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0178-0181.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0441|441]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): -&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_214.|214 [=214 par.1, 3]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: Bankrupt L.26&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.214:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] Interruption by presentation in bankruptcy proceedings continues until the proceedings are ended.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] If the presentation is withdrawn, it is deemed to have been no interruption.&lt;br /&gt;
** [III] If, on the termination of the proceedings, a sum is held back for a claim which is in dispute in consequence of a protest raised at the examination, the interruption continues even after the termination of the proceedings; the end of the interruption is determined according to the provisions of 211.&lt;br /&gt;
* The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Centennial/data/uploads/draft1919/draft-1919_vol-2_all.pdf Bankruptcy Act (1911)], Sec.26:&lt;br /&gt;
** (1) Where it is proved to the satisfaction of the Court that the debts of the bankrupt have been paid in full the Court shall annul the bankruptcy and make such order as to the payment of the costs of the bankruptcy proceedings as it may think fit.&lt;br /&gt;
** (2) Where a bankruptcy is annulled under this section all acts thereunder duly done by the official receiver or other person acting under his authority or by the Court shall be valid but the property of the debtor who was adjudged bankrupt shall revert to the debtor.&lt;br /&gt;
** (3) The official receiver shall cause notice of the order annulling a bankruptcy to be inserted in the Government Gazette and published in at least one local paper,&lt;br /&gt;
** (4) For the purposes of this section any debt disputed by a debtor shall be considered as paid in full if the debtor enters into a bond with such sureties as the Court approves to pay the amount of the debt with costs. Any debt due to a creditor who cannot be found or cannot be identified shall be considered as paid in full if paid into Court.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0177&amp;diff=9163</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0177</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0177&amp;diff=9163"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:42:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0176|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0178|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 177&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* การยื่นคำร้องขอพิสูจน์หนี้ในคดีล้มละลาย ท่านไม่นับว่าเป็นเหตุให้อายุความสดุดหยุดลง หากว่าใบพิสูจน์หนี้นั้นได้ถอนเสีย ละทิ้งเสีย หรือต้องยกเสียแล้ว&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 177.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* Application to prove in bankruptcy is deemed to be no interruption if the proof is withdrawn, [abandoned] or rejected.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0175-0177.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): 438 par.2 [??] [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0438|438 No.2]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-18|193/18]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_152.|152]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_214.|214 par.2]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art. 152:&lt;br /&gt;
** Participation in bankruptcy procedure does not have the effect of interrupting prescription if the creditor cancels it or if the demand is rejected and dismissed.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0176&amp;diff=9162</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0176</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0176&amp;diff=9162"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:42:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0175|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0177|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 176&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าศาลยกคดีเสียเพราะเหตุคดีไม่อยู่ในอำนาจศาล และกำหนดอายุความสิ้นไปแล้วในระหว่างพิจารณาก็ดี หรือจะสิ้นลงในระหว่างหกเดือนภายหลังที่ได้พิพากษาคดีถึงที่สุดก็ดี ท่านให้ขยายอายุความนั้นออกไปถึงหกเดือนภายหลังคำพิพากษานั้น&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 176.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* If the action is dismissed on the ground of want of jurisdiction and the period of prescription expired pending proceedings, or would have expired within six months after final judgement, it shall be extended to six months after such judgement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0175-0177.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0440|440]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-17|193/17(II)]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_212.|212 [=212 par.2]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/codenapoleonorf00spengoog/page/618/mode/2up Fr.2246];&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; It.2125 [; &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.139&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.440:&lt;br /&gt;
** ถ้าศาลยกคดีเสียเพราะเหตุคดีไม่อยู่ในอำนาจศาล และกำหนดอายุความสิ้นไปแล้วในระหว่างพิจารณาก็ดี ฤๅจะสิ้นลงในระหว่างหกเดือนภายหลังที่ได้พิพากษาคดีถึงที่สุดก็ดี ให้ขยายอายุความนั้นออกไปถึงหกเดือนภายหลังคำพิพากษานั้น&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous sources are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* French Civil Code (1804), Art.2246:&lt;br /&gt;
** Citation in court given, even before an unauthorized judge, interrupts prescription.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.139:&lt;br /&gt;
** Ist die Klage oder die Einrede wegen Unzuständigkeit des angesprochenen Richters oder wegen eines verbesserlichen Fehlers angebrachtermaßen oder als vorzeitig zurückgewiesen worden, so beginnt, falls die Verjährungsfrist unterdessen abgelaufen ist, eine neue Frist von sechzig Tagen zur Geltendmachung des Anspruches.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0175&amp;diff=9161</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0175</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0175&amp;diff=9161"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:42:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0174|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0176|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 175&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* เมื่อฟ้องยังศาลแล้ว อายุความย่อมสดุดหยุดอยู่จนกว่าคดีนั้นได้วินิจฉัยถึงที่สุด หรือเสร็จไปเป็นประการอื่น&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 175.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* When an action is entered in Court, prescription remains interrupted until the case is finally decided or otherwise disposed of.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0175-0177.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0439|439]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): -&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_211.|211 [=211 par.1]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
This section would be &amp;lt;u&amp;gt;a compound provision from two different models&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [Primary model] Old Text (1923), Sec.439:&lt;br /&gt;
** เมื่อฟ้องคดียังศาลแล้ว อายุความย่อมสะดุดหยุดอยู่จนกว่าจะพิพากษาคดีถึงที่สุด&lt;br /&gt;
* [Secondary model] German Civil Code (1896), Sec.211:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] Interruption by bringing action continues until the case is decided or otherwise disposed of without any right of appeal.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] If the process is suspended in consequence of an agreement or because it is not prosecuted, the interruption ends with the last step in the process taken by the parties or the Court. The new prescription beginning after the termination of the interruption is interrupted by further prosecution of the process by one of the parties in the same manner as by bringing action.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0174&amp;diff=9160</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0174</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0174&amp;diff=9160"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:41:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0173|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0175|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 174&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* การฟ้องคดี ท่านไม่นับว่าเป็นเหตุให้อายุความสดุดหยุดลง หากว่าคดีนั้นได้ถอนฟ้อง ละทิ้งเสีย หรือต้องยกฟ้อง&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 174.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* Bringing an action is deemed to be no interruption  if the action is withdrawn, abandoned or dismissed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0171-0174.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0438|438 No.1]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-17|193/17(I)]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_149.|149]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_212.|212 [=212 par.1]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.149:&lt;br /&gt;
** A judicial demand does not have the effect of interruption in case the action is dismissed or withdrawn.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0173&amp;diff=9159</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0173</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0173&amp;diff=9159"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:41:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0172|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0174|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 173&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าเจ้าหนี้ได้ฟ้องคดี เพื่อตั้งหลักฐานสิทธิเรียกร้องก็ดี เพื่อให้ใช้หนี้ตามสิทธิเรียกร้องก็ดี หรือทำการอื่นใดอันนับว่ามีผลเป็นอย่างเดียวกัน เช่นยื่นคำร้องขอพิสูจน์หนี้ในคดีล้มละลาย หรือมอบคดีให้อนุญาโตตุลาการพิจารณาก็ดี ท่านว่าอายุความย่อมสดุดหยุดลง&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 173.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* Prescription is interrupted if the debtor has acknowledged the claim towards the creditor by written acknowledgement, by part payment, payment of interest, giving security, or by any unequivocal act which implies the acknowledgment of the claim.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0171-0174.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [* &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0438|438 No.1, 2, 3]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-14|193/14(2)(3)(4)(5)]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [ [[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_147.|147 No.1, 2]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_209.|209]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [https://archive.org/details/principlesgerma00schugoog/page/132/mode/2up Sch.p.133] [; &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.135 No.2&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.438:&lt;br /&gt;
** อายุความย่อมสะดุดหยุดด้วยเหตุต่อไปนี้ คือ&lt;br /&gt;
*** (๑) เพราะฟ้องคดียังศาล หากโจทย์ไม่ได้ละทิ้งคดี ฤๅศาลไม่ได้ยกฟ้องเสีย อนึ่งวันที่โจทย์ยืนฟ้องยังศาลนั้น ให้ถือว่าเป็นวันฟ้องคดี&lt;br /&gt;
*** (๒) เพราะยืนคำร้องขอพิศูจน์หนี้ในคดีล้มละลาย หากเจ้าหนี้ไม่ได้ถอนใบพิศูจน์ ฤๅพนักงานไม่ยกใบพิศูจน์เสีย&lt;br /&gt;
*** (๓) เพราะมอบคดีให้อนุญาโตตุลาการพิจารณา&lt;br /&gt;
*** (๔) เพราะรับสภาพหนี้&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.135:&lt;br /&gt;
** Die Verjährung wird unterbrochen:&lt;br /&gt;
*** 1. durch Anerkennung der Forderung von Seiten des Schuldners, namentlich auch durch Zins- und Abschlagszahlungen, Pfand- und Bürgschaftsbestellung,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 2. durch Schuldbetreibung, durch Klage oder Einrede vor einem Gerichte oder Schiedsgericht, sowie durch Eingabe im Konkurse und Ladung zu einem amtlichen Sühneversuch.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0172&amp;diff=9158</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0172</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0172&amp;diff=9158"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:41:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0171|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0173|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 172&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ลูกหนี้รับสภาพหนี้ต่อเจ้าหนี้ตามสิทธิเรียกร้องด้วยทำหนังสือรับสภาพหนี้ให้ก็ตาม ด้วยใช้เงินให้บางส่วน ด้วยส่งดอกเบี้ย หรือด้วยให้ประกันก็ตาม หรือทำการอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งอันปราศจากเคลือบคลุมสงสัยตระหนักเป็นปริยายว่ายอมรับสภาพตามสิทธิเรียกร้องนั้นก็ตาม ท่านว่าอายุความย่อมสดุดหยุดลง&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 172.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* Prescription is interrupted if the debtor has acknowledged the claim towards the creditor by written acknowledgement, by part payment, payment of interest, giving security, or by any unequivocal act which implies the acknowledgment of the claim.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0171-0174.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0438|438 No.4]], [[2466th_Sec_0443|443]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-14|193/14(1)]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [ [[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title01#Article_147.147 No.3]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896):  * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_208.|208]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024893640/page/n79/mode/2up Br.172 V]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; [; &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.135 No.1&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
This section would be &amp;lt;u&amp;gt;a compound provision from three different models&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [Primary model] German Civil Code (1896), Sec.208:&lt;br /&gt;
** Prescription is interrupted if the obligor acknowledges the claim towards the obligee by part payment, payment of interest, giving of security, or in any other manner.&lt;br /&gt;
* [Secondary model] Old Text (1923), Sec.433:&lt;br /&gt;
** การรับสภาพหนี้นั้น ต้องทำอย่างหนึ่งอย่างใดดังนี้ คือ&lt;br /&gt;
*** (๑) ทำเป็นหนังสือให้&lt;br /&gt;
*** (๒) ใช้ต้นเงินงวดใดงวดหนึ่ง ฤๅใช้ดอกเบี้ยให้&lt;br /&gt;
*** (๓) ชำระหนี้ให้บางส่วนด้วยประการอื่น&lt;br /&gt;
*** (๔) มีประกันให้ไว้อย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง&lt;br /&gt;
* [Third model] Civil Code of Brazil (1916), Art.172:&lt;br /&gt;
** Prescription is interrupted :&lt;br /&gt;
*** I. By personal citation made to the debtor, although ordered by an incompetent judge.&lt;br /&gt;
*** II. By protest, in the conditions of the preceding Number.&lt;br /&gt;
*** III. By the presentation of the evidence of debt (titulo de credito) in the inventory suit or in the concourse of creditors.&lt;br /&gt;
*** IV. By any judicial act which constitutes the debtor in default (mora).&lt;br /&gt;
*** V. By any unequivocal act, although extra-judicial, which implies the acknowledgement (reconhecimento) of the right by the debtor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.135:&lt;br /&gt;
** Die Verjährung wird unterbrochen:&lt;br /&gt;
*** 1. durch Anerkennung der Forderung von Seiten des Schuldners, namentlich auch durch Zins- und Abschlagszahlungen, Pfand- und Bürgschaftsbestellung,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 2. durch Schuldbetreibung, durch Klage oder Einrede vor einem Gerichte oder Schiedsgericht, sowie durch Eingabe im Konkurse und Ladung zu einem amtlichen Sühneversuch.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0171&amp;diff=9157</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0171</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0171&amp;diff=9157"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:41:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0170|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0172|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 171&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าสิทธิเรียกร้องจะเกิดมีขึ้นต่อเมื่ออาศัยการที่เจ้าหนี้ใช้สิทธิบอกล้างอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งไซร้ ท่านให้นับอายุความเริ่มแต่ขณะแรกที่จะบอกล้างได้&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 171.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* If the arising of a claim depends upon the creditor&#039;s making use of a right of avoidance, prescription begins to run from the moment at which the avoidance is first permissible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0171-0174.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): -&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_200.|200]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.200:&lt;br /&gt;
** If the arising of a claim depends upon the obligee&#039;s making use of a right of avoidance, the prescription begins to run from the moment at which the avoidance is first permissible. This does not apply, however, if the avoidance affects a relation of family law.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0170&amp;diff=9156</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0170</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0170&amp;diff=9156"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:41:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0169|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0171|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 170&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าเจ้าหนี้อยู่ในฐานที่จะทวงถามให้ชำระหนี้มิได้จนกว่าจะได้บอกกล่าวแก่ลูกหนี้ก่อนไซร้ ท่านให้นับอายุความแต่เวลาแรกที่จะอาจส่งคำบอกกล่าวได้&lt;br /&gt;
* [ถ้า]ลูกหนี้ยังไม่จำต้องชำระหนี้จนกว่าระยะเวลาอันหนึ่งอันใดจะได้ล่วงพ้นไปแล้ว นับแต่เวลาที่ได้บอกกล่าวนั้นไซร้ ท่านยังมิให้เริ่มนับอายุความจนกว่าระยะเวลานั้นจะได้สิ้นไปแล้ว&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 170.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] If the creditor may not demand performance until he has given notice to the debtor, prescription begins to run from the moment when notice can be first given.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] If the debtor is not bound to perform until a given period has elapsed since the notice, prescription does not begin to run until the expiration of this period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0169-0170.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0430|430]], [[2466th_Sec_0431|431 par.1]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-13|193/13]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_199.|199]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [S.O.130 par.2]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
The most plausible model for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.199:&lt;br /&gt;
** If an obligee may not demand performance until he has given notice to the obligor, the prescription begins to run from the moment when notice can first be given. If the obligor does not have to perform until a given period has elapsed since the notice, the prescription does not begin to run until the expiration of this period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.130:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] Die Verjährung beginnt mit der Fälligkeit der Forderung.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] Ist eine Forderung auf Kündigung gestellt, so beginnt die Verjährung mit dem Tag, auf den die Kündigung zulässig ist.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0169&amp;diff=9155</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0169</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0169&amp;diff=9155"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:40:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0168|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0170|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 169&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* อายุความนั้น ท่านให้นับเริ่มแต่ขณะที่จะอาจบังคับสิทธิเรียกร้องได้เป็นต้นไป ถ้าเป็นสิทธิเรียกร้องเพื่อให้งดเว้นกระทำการอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง ท่านให้นับอายุความเริ่มแต่เวลาแรกที่ละเมิดสิทธินั้นเป็นต้นไป&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 169.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* Prescription begins to run from the moment when the claim can be enforced. If the claim is to a forbearance, prescription begins to run from the moment when the right is first infringed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0169-0170.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0429|429]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;, [[2466th_Sec_0431|431 par.2]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-12|193/12]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [ [[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title03#Article_166.|166 par.1]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_198.|198]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [S.O.130 par.1]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
The most plausible model for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.198:&lt;br /&gt;
** Prescription begins to run from the moment when the claim comes into being. If the claim is to a forbearance, the prescription begins to run from the moment when the right is first contravened.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.130:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] Die Verjährung beginnt mit der Fälligkeit der Forderung.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] Ist eine Forderung auf Kündigung gestellt, so beginnt die Verjährung mit dem Tag, auf den die Kündigung zulässig ist.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0168&amp;diff=9154</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0168</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0168&amp;diff=9154"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:40:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0167|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0169|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 168&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* สิทธิเรียกร้องอันตั้งหลักฐานขึ้นโดยคำพิพากษาชั้นที่สุดของศาลก็ดี โดยคำตัดสินของอนุญาโตตุลาการก็ดี โดยประนีประนอมยอมความก็ดี ท่านให้มีกำหนดอายุความสิบปี แม้ทั้งที่เป็นประเภทอันอยู่ในบังคับอายุความกำหนดน้อยกว่านั้น&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 168.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* The period of prescription for a claim established by a final judgment, by an award in arbitration or by a compromise is ten years, even if the claim itself is subject to a shorter period of prescription.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0166-0168.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [* &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0451|451]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-32|193/32]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_218.|218]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.451:&lt;br /&gt;
** อายุความแห่งหนี้อันเป็นผลจากคำพิพากษาคดีถึงที่สุด ฤๅคำตัดสินของอนุญาโตตุลาการนั้น มีกำหนดสิบปี&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0167&amp;diff=9153</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0167</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0167&amp;diff=9153"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:40:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0166|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0168|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 167&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* สิทธิเรียกร้องของรัฐบาลเพื่อเอาค่าภาษีอากรท่านให้มีกำหนดอายุความสิบปี เรียกเพื่อหนี้อย่างอื่นท่านให้บังคับตามบทบัญญัติสามมาตราก่อนนี้&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 167.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* The period of prescription for claims of the Government for taxes and rates or revenues is ten years. As to other claims relating to obligations the three foregoing sections shall apply.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0166-0168.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0450|450]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-31|193/31]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/codenapoleonorf00spengoog/page/614/mode/2up Fr.2227]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.450:&lt;br /&gt;
** อายุความแห่งหนี้ทั้งหลายอันรัฐบาลเป็นเจ้าหนี้นั้นมีกำหนดสิบปี&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* French Civil Code (1804), Art.2227:&lt;br /&gt;
** The nation, public establishments, and communes, are subjected to prescription equally with private persons, and may plead it in like manner.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0166&amp;diff=9152</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0166</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0166&amp;diff=9152"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:40:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0165|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0167|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 166&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ในการเรียกเอาดอกเบี้ยค้างส่งก็ดี เรียกเอาจำนวนเงินอันพึงส่งนอกจากดอกเบี้ยเพื่อผ่อนทุนคืนเป็นงวดๆ นั้นก็ดี ในการเรียกเอาค่าเช่าทรัพย์สินค้างส่ง นอกจากที่บัญญัติไว้ในมาตรา ๑๖๕ วรรค ๑ อนุมาตรา (๖) นั้นก็ดี ในการเรียกเงินค้างจ่าย คือ เงินปี เงินเดือน เงินเบี้ยบำนาญ เงินค่าบำรุงรักษา และเงินอื่นๆ บรรดาที่มีกำหนดจ่ายเป็นระยะเวลานั้นก็ดี สิทธิเรียกร้องเหล่านี้ท่านให้มีกำหนดอายุความห้าปี&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 166.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* The period of prescription is five years for claims to arrears of interest, including the sums payable in addition to interest for the purpose of paying off the principal by instalments; for clams for arrears of rent or hire of property, so far as they are not provided for by Section 165 paragraph 1 (6); and for claims for arrears of annuities, salaries, pensions, allowances for maintenance and all other periodical payments.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0166-0168.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [ [[2466th_Sec_0449|449]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-33|193/33]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [ [[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title03#Article_169.|169]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_197.|197]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.197:&lt;br /&gt;
** The period of prescription is four years for claims to arrears of interest, including the sums payable in addition to interest for the purpose of paying off the principal by instalments; for claims for arrears of rent under ordinary and usufructuary leases, so far as they are not provided for by 196, par. 1; and for claims for arrears of annuities, recurrent acts of performance stipulated for in the transfer of a farm, salaries, pay for engagements pending vacancies, pensions, allowances for maintenance, and all other periodical payments.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0165&amp;diff=9151</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0165</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0165&amp;diff=9151"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:39:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0164|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0166|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 165&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* สิทธิเรียกร้องดั่งจะกล่าวต่อไปนี้ มีกำหนดอายุความสองปี คือ&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑) บุคคลผู้เป็นพ่อค้า ผู้ประกอบหัตถกรรม ผู้เป็นช่างฝีมือ และบุคคลจำพวกประกอบศิลปะอุตสาหะกรรม เรียกเอาค่าที่ได้ส่งมอบของ ทำของ และค่าดูแลกิจการของผู้อื่น รวมทั้งค่าที่ได้ออกเงินทดรองไป เว้นแต่เป็นการที่ได้ทำเพื่ออุตสาหะกรรมของฝ่ายลูกหนี้นั้นเอง&lt;br /&gt;
** (๒) บุคคลผู้ประกอบกสิกรรม หรือการป่าไม้ เรียกเอาค่าที่ได้ส่งมอบสิ่งอันเป็นผลแห่งกสิกรรม หรือป่าไม้ เพียงที่เป็นการสำหรับใช้สอยในบ้านเรือนของฝ่ายลูกหนี้&lt;br /&gt;
** (๓) บุคคลผู้ขนส่งคนทางรถไฟ ผู้รับบรรทุกของ คนเรือ คนขับรถจ้าง และคนเดินหนังสือ เรียกเอาค่าโดยสาร ค่าระวาง ค่าเช่า ค่าธรรมเนียม รวมทั้งค่าที่ได้ออกเงินทดรองไป&lt;br /&gt;
** (๔) บุคคลผู้เป็นเจ้าสำนักโรงแรม และบุคคลจำพวกที่ค้าในการจำหน่ายอาหารและเครื่องดื่ม เรียกเอาค่าที่จัดที่พักอาศัยเพื่อสำเร็จความต้องการ รวมทั้งค่าที่ได้ออกเงินทดรองไปด้วย&lt;br /&gt;
** (๕) บุคคลจำพวกที่ขายตั๋วสลากกินแบ่ง เรียกเอาค่าที่ได้ขายตั๋ว เว้นแต่เป็นการที่ได้ส่งมอบตั๋วเพียงสำหรับให้ขายต่อไป&lt;br /&gt;
** (๖) บุคคลจำพวกที่ในการให้เช่าสังหาริมทรัพย์ เรียกเอาค่าเช่า&lt;br /&gt;
** (๗) บุคคลซึ่งมิได้เข้าอยู่ในประเภทที่ระบุไว้ในอนุมาตรา (๑) แต่เป็นผู้ค้าในการดูแลกิจการของผู้อื่น หรือรับทำการงานต่างๆ เรียกเอาสินจ้างอันจะพึงได้รับในการนั้น รวมทั้งค่าที่ได้ออกเงินทดรองไปด้วย&lt;br /&gt;
** (๘) บุคคลผู้รับจ้างใช้การงานส่วนบุคคล เรียกเอาเงินจ้าง ค่าจ้าง หรือสินจ้างชะนิดอื่นเพื่อการงานที่ทำ รวมทั้งค่าที่ได้ออกเงินทดรองไปด้วย กับทั้งนายจ้างเรียกเอาเงินเช่นที่ว่านั้นอันตนได้จ่ายล่วงหน้าให้ไปแล้วนั้นก็ด้วยเหมือนกัน&lt;br /&gt;
** (๙) คนงาน ผู้ช่วยงาน ลูกมือฝึกหัด คนประจำโรงงานหัตถกรรม กรรมกรรายวัน และช่างฝีมือ เรียกเอาเงินจ้างและเงินอื่นอันได้ตกลงกันว่าจะจ่ายให้แทน หรือให้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของเงินจ้าง รวมทั้งค่าที่ได้ออกเงินทดรองไป กับนายจ้างเรียกเอาเงินเช่นที่ว่านั้นอันตนได้จ่ายล่วงหน้าให้ไปแล้วนั้นก็ด้วยเหมือนกัน&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑๐) ครูผู้สอนลูกมือฝึกหัด เรียกเอากำนลและค่าการงานอย่างอื่น ตามที่ได้ตกลงกันไว้โดยสัญญาลูกมือฝึกหัด รวมทั้งค่าที่ได้ออกเงินทดรองไปแทนลูกฝึกหัดนั้นด้วย&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑๑) สาธารณสถานที่ศึกษา ที่ฝึกสอน ที่พิทักษ์รักษาคนเจ็บไข้ และเจ้าของสถานของเอกชนอันเป็นที่ทำการทำนองเช่นว่ามานั้น เรียกเอาค่าศึกษา ค่าที่ได้ทำการพิทักษ์รักษาคนเจ็บไข้ และค่าที่ได้ออกเงินไปเกี่ยวกับการนั้นๆ&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑๒) บุคคลจำพวกที่รับคนไว้บำรุงเลี้ยง หรือฝึกสอน เรียกเอาค่าการงานที่ได้ทำไป และค่าที่ได้ออกเงินจ่ายไปทำนองเช่นระบุไว้ในอนุมาตรา (๑๑)&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑๓) ครูอาจารย์ เรียกเอาค่าสอน&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑๔) บุคคลผู้ประกอบการแพทย์ รวมทั้งศัลยแพทย์ สูติแพทย์ ทันตแพทย์และช่างฟัน และสัตวแพทย์ กับทั้งนางผดุงครรภ์ นางพยาบาล เรียกเอาค่าการงานที่ทำ รวมทั้งค่าที่ได้ออกเงินทดรองไปด้วย&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑๕) หมอความ ทนายความ รวมทั้งบรรดาบุคคลที่ทางราชการได้ตั้งแต่ง หรืออนุญาตให้กิจการฉะเพาะบางอย่าง เรียกเอาค่าธรรมเนียม และค่าได้ออกเงินทดรองไปเพียงที่มิใช่เงินอันอยู่ในประเภทจะต้องส่งเข้าท้องพระคลัง&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑๖) บุคคลผู้เป็นคู่ความ เรียกเอาเงินที่ได้จ่ายล่วงหน้าให้แก่ทนายความของตน&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑๗) บุคคลผู้เป็นพะยาน และเชี่ยวชาญ เรียกเอาค่าธรรมเนียม และค่าที่ได้ออกเงินอดรองไป&lt;br /&gt;
* สิทธิเรียกร้องเช่นระบุไว้ในวรรค ๑ อนุมาตรา (๑), (๒) และ (๕) นั้นอย่างใดไม่เข้าอยู่ในบังคับอายุความสองปี ท่านให้มีกำหนดอายุความห้าปี&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 165.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] The period of prescription is two years for the following claims:&lt;br /&gt;
** (1) Claims of merchants, manufactures, artisans and those who practice industrial arts, for delivery of goods, performance of work and care of others&#039; affairs, including disbursements, unless the service was rendered for the carrying on of an industry conducted by the debtor;&lt;br /&gt;
** (2) Claims of those whose industry is agriculture or forestry, for delivery of agricultural or forest products, so far as the delivery is for the domestic use of the debtor;&lt;br /&gt;
** (3) Claims of carriers by railroad, freighters, bootmen, cab-drivers and messengers, for fare, freight, hire, and fees, including disbursements;&lt;br /&gt;
** (4) Claims of innkeepers and those who make a business of providing food and drink, for supplying lodging and food or for other services rendered to the guests to satisfy their needs, including disbursements;&lt;br /&gt;
** (5) Claims of those who sell lottery tickets, for the sale of the tickets, unless the tickets are delivered for further sale;&lt;br /&gt;
** (6) Claims of those who make a business of letting movables, for the rent;&lt;br /&gt;
** (7) Claims of those who, without belonging to the classes specified in (1), make business of the care of others&#039; affairs or the rendering of service, for the remuneration due to them from the business, including disbursements;&lt;br /&gt;
** (8) Claims of those who are in private service, for the wages, or other remuneration for services, including disbursements; also claims of the employers for advances made upon such claims;&lt;br /&gt;
** (9) Claims of workmen, journeymen, assistants, apprentices, factory hands, day labourers and artisans, for the wages and other allowances agreed upon in lieu of or as part of the wages, including disbursements; also claims of the employers for advances made upon such claims;&lt;br /&gt;
** (10) Claims o masters of apprentices, for the premium and other services agreed upon in the contract of apprenticeship and for disbursements made on behalf of the apprentices;&lt;br /&gt;
** (11) Claims of public institutions for instruction, education, maintenance or care of the sick, and of proprietors of private institution of such kind for providing instruction, maintenance or care of the sick, and for any outlay connected therewith;&lt;br /&gt;
** (12) Claims of those who receive persons to be maintained or educated, for services and outlay of the kind specified in (11);&lt;br /&gt;
** (13) Claims of teachers, for their fees;&lt;br /&gt;
** (14) Claims of medical practitioners, including surgeons, accoucheurs, dentists and veterinary surgeons; and claims of midwives, for their services, including disbursements;&lt;br /&gt;
** (15) Claims of lawyers, attorneys, as well as of all persons who are publicly appointed or admitted for the conduct of certain affairs, for their fees and disbursements, so far as those do not go into the public treasury;&lt;br /&gt;
** (16) Claims of parties to an action, for advances made to their attorneys;&lt;br /&gt;
** (17) Claims of witnesses and experts, for their fee and disbursements.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] So far as the claims specified in paragraph 1 (1), (2) and (5) are not subject to prescription in two years, the period is five years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0163-0165.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [ [[2466th_Sec_0448|448]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-33|193/33(V)]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-34|193/34]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [ [[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title03#Article_170.|170 - 174]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_196.|196]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [S.O.128]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* German Civil Code (1896), Sec.196:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] The period of prescription is two years for the following claims:&lt;br /&gt;
*** (1) Claims of merchants, manufacturers, artisans and those who practise industrial arts, for delivery of goods, performance of work and care of others&#039; affairs, including disbursements, unless the service is rendered for the carrying on of an industry conducted by the debtor;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (2) Claims of those whose industry is agriculture or forestry, for delivery of agricultural or forest products, so far as the delivery is for the domestic use of the debtor;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (3) Claims of carriers by railroad, freighters, boatmen, cab-drivers and messengers, for fare, freight, hire, and fees, including disbursements;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (4) Claims of innkeepers and those who make a business of providing food and drink, for supplying lodging and food or for other services rendered to the guests to satisfy their needs, including disbursements;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (5) Claims of those who sell lottery tickets, for the sale of the tickets, unless the tickets are delivered for further sale;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (6) Claims of those who make a business of letting moveables under an ordinary lease, for the rent;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (7) Claims of those who, without belonging to the classes specified in (1), make a business of the care of others&#039; affairs or the rendering of services, for the compensation due to them from the business, including disbursements;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (8) Claims of those who are in private service, for the wages, pay, or other remuneration for service, including disbursements; also claims of the employers for advances made upon such claims;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (9) Claims of workmen -- journeymen, assistants, apprentices, factory hands -- day labourers and artisans, for the wages and other allowances agreed upon in lieu of or as part of the wages, including disbursements; also claims of the employers for advances made upon such claims;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (10) Claims of masters of apprentices, for the premium and other services agreed upon in the contract of apprenticeship and for disbursements made on behalf of the apprentices;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (11) Claims of public institutions for instruction, education, maintenance or care of the sick, and of proprietors of private institutions of such kind for providing instruction, maintenance or care of the sick, and for any outlay connected therewith;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (12) Claims of those who receive persons to be maintained or educated, for services and outlay of the kind specified in (11);&lt;br /&gt;
*** (13) Claims of public and private teachers, for their fees, not, however, the claims of public teachers if they have been deferred in accordance with special arrangements;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (14) Claims of medical practitioners, including surgeons, accoucheurs, dentists and veterinary surgeons; and claims of midwives, for their services, including disbursements;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (15) Claims of attorneys, notaries and bailiffs as well as of all persons who are publicly appointed or admitted for the conduct of certain affairs, for their fees and disbursements, 80 far as these do not go into the public treasury;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (16) Claims of parties to an action, for advances made to their attorney;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (17) Claims of witnesses and experts, for their fees and disbursements.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] So far as the claims specified in par. 1 (1), (2) and (5) are not subject to prescription in two years, the period is four years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.128:&lt;br /&gt;
** Mit Ablauf von fünf Jahren verjähren die Forderungen:&lt;br /&gt;
*** 1. für Miet-, Pacht- und Kapitalzinse, sowie für andere periodische Leistungen,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 2. aus Lieferung von Lebensmitteln, für Beköstigung und für Wirtsschulden,&lt;br /&gt;
*** 3. aus Handwerksarbeit, Kleinverkauf von Waren, ärztlicher Besorgung, Berufsarbeiten von Anwälten, Rechtsagenten, Prokuratoren und Notaren, Arbeit von Angestellten, Dienstboten, Tagelöhnern und Arbeitern.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0164&amp;diff=9150</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0164</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0164&amp;diff=9150"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:39:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0163|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0165|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 164&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* อันอายุความนั้น ถ้าไม่มีกฎหมายบัญญัติไว้เป็นอย่างอื่น ท่านให้มีกำหนดสิบปี&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 164.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* The period of prescription for which no other period is provided by law is ten years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0163-0165.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0452|452]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-30|193/30]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter06_Title03#Article_167.|167 [=167 par.1]]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [ [[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_195.|195]] ]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;S.O.127&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.452:&lt;br /&gt;
** อายุความแห่งหนี้อันกฎหมายมิได้บัญญัติระยะเวลาไว้ว่าเท่าไรแล้ว ท่านให้มีกำหนดสิบปี&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.127:&lt;br /&gt;
** Mit Ablauf von zehn Jahren verjähren alle Forderungen, für die das Bundeszivilrecht nicht etwas anderes bestimmt.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0163&amp;diff=9149</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0163</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0163&amp;diff=9149"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:39:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter06|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๖ อายุความ&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0162|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0164|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 163&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* อันสิทธิเรียกร้องใดๆ ถ้ามิได้ใช้บังคับเสียภายในระยะเวลาอันกฎหมายกำหนดไว้ ท่านว่าตกเป็นอันขาดอายุความ ห้ามมิให้ฟ้องร้อง&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 163.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* A claim is barred by prescription if it has not been enforced within the period of time fixed by law.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0163-0165.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0425|425]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-09|193/9]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [[1896de_Book1_Chapter05#Section_194.|194 [=194 par.1]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.13069/page/n101/mode/2up Jenks 158]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;; Kohler p.54&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
* A Digest of English Civil Law by Edward Jenks (1905), Sec.158:&lt;br /&gt;
** The right to bring an action, to enforce a civil claim, is barred by the expiration of a period which begins to run from the time at which the right to bring the action accrued.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0162&amp;diff=9148</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0162</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0162&amp;diff=9148"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:39:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter05|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๕ ระยะเวลา&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0161|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0163|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 162&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ในทางความ ในทางราชการ และทางค้าขายนั้น วัน หมายความว่าเวลาทำการงานตามปกติ&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 162.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* In matters of justice, administration and commerce day means the usual hours of office or business.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0159-0162.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0038|38]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-04|193/4]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [https://archive.org/details/cu31924025049242/page/n101/mode/2up J.Com.283]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.38:&lt;br /&gt;
** ในทางความ ในทางราชการ และทางค้าขายนั้น วัน หมายความว่าเวลาทำการงานตามปกติ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Commercial Code of Japan (1899), Art.283:&lt;br /&gt;
** If by law or regulation or by usage certain business hours have been fixed, the performance of an obligation can be made or demanded only during such business hours.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0161&amp;diff=9147</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0161</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0161&amp;diff=9147"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:39:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter05|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๕ ระยะเวลา&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0160|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0162|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 161&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าวันสุดท้ายแห่งระยะเวลาเป็นวันหยุดซึ่งตามประเพณีงดเว้นการงาน ท่านให้นับวันที่เริ่มทำการใหม่เข้าด้วย&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 161.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* If the last day of a period is a holiday on which it is customary not to do business, the period includes the next working day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0159-0162.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0037|37]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-08|193/8]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter05#Article_142.|142]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter04#Section_193.|193]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[S.O.78]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.37:&lt;br /&gt;
** ถ้าวันสุดท้ายแห่งระยะเวลาเป็นวันหยุด ซึ่งตามประเพณีงดเว้นการงาน ท่านให้นับวันที่เริมทำงานใหม่เข้าด้วย&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.78:&lt;br /&gt;
** Fällt der Zeitpunkt der Erfüllung oder der letzte Tag einer Frist auf einen Sonntag oder auf einen andern am Erfüllungsorte staatlich anerkannten Feiertag, so gilt als Erfüllungstag oder als letzter Tag der Frist der nächstfolgende Werktag.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0160&amp;diff=9146</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0160</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0160&amp;diff=9146"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:38:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter05|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๕ ระยะเวลา&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0159|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0161|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 160&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ระยะเวลานั้นถ้าผ่อนออกไป ท่านให้นับเอาวันซึ่งต่อจากวันสุดท้ายแห่งระยะเวลาเดิมนั้น เป็นวันเริ่มต้นแห่งระยะเวลาซึ่งผ่อนออกไป&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 160.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* If a period of time is extended, the first day of the extension is the day following the last day of the original period.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0159-0162.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0036|36]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-07|193/7]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter04#Section_190.|190]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: S.O.80&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.36:&lt;br /&gt;
** ระยะเวลานั้น ถ้าผ่อนออกไป ท่านให้นับเอาวันซึ่งต่อจากวันสุดท้ายแห่งระยะเวลาเดิม นั้นเป็นวันต้นแห่งระยะเวลาซึ่งผ่อนออกไป&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.80:&lt;br /&gt;
** Ist die vertragsmäßige Frist verlängert worden, so beginnt die neue Frist, sofern sich aus dem Vertrage nicht etwas anderes ergibt, am ersten Tage nach Ablauf der alten Frist.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0159&amp;diff=9145</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0159</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0159&amp;diff=9145"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:38:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter05|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๕ ระยะเวลา&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0158|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0160|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 159&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าระยะเวลาเป็นสัปดาหะก็ดี เดือนหรือปีก็ดี ท่านให้คำนวณตามประดิทินในราชการ&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าระยะเวลามิได้กำหนดนับแต่วันต้นแห่งสัปดาหะก็ดี วันต้นแห่งเดือนหรือปีก็ดี ท่านว่าระยะเวลาย่อมสุดสิ้นลงในวันก่อนหน้าจะถึงวันแห่งสัปดาหะ เดือน หรือปีสุดท้ายอันเป็นวันตรงกับวันเริ่มระยะเวลานั้น ถ้าในระยะเวลานับเป็นเดือนหรือปีนั้นไม่มีวันตรงกันในเดือนสุดท้าย ท่านว่าวันสุดท้ายแห่งเดือนนั้นเป็นวันสุดสิ้นระยะเวลา&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 159.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] The period measured in weeks, months or years are calculated according to the official calendar.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] If the period is not computed from the beginning of a week, month or year, it ends on the day preceding that day of the last week, month or year which corresponds to that on which it began. If in a period measured in months or years there is no corresponding day in the last month, the last day of such month is the day of ending.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0159-0162.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0033|33]], [[2466th_Sec_0034|34]], [[2466th_Sec_0035|35]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-05|193/5]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter05#Article_143.|143]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter04#Section_188.|188]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.143:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] When a period is fixed by weeks, months, or years, it is calculated in accordance with the calendar.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] When a period does not commence to run at the beginning of a week, a month, or a year, the period matures on the day preceding the day in the last week, month, or year which corresponds to the day on which it commenced to run. In case a period is fixed by months or years, if there is no corresponding day in the last month, the last day of the month is deemed to be the day of maturity.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0158&amp;diff=9144</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0158</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0158&amp;diff=9144"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:38:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter05|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๕ ระยะเวลา&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0157|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0159|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 158&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าระยะเวลาเป็นวันก็ดี สัปดาหะก็ดี เดือนหรือปีก็ดี ท่านมิให้นับวันแรกแห่งระยะเวลานั้นรวมคำนวณเข้าด้วย เว้นแต่จะเริ่มการในวันนั้นเองตั้งแต่เวลาอันเป็นกำหนดเริ่มทำการงานกันตามประเพณี&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 158.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* When a period of time is measured in days, weeks, months or years, the first day of the period is not included in the calculation unless the period begins to run on that day from the time which is customary to commence business.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0156-0158.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0032|32]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-03|193/3(II)]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter05#Article_140.|140]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter04#Section_187.|187]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [S.O.76, 77, 132]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.140:&lt;br /&gt;
** When a period of time is fixed by days, weeks, months , or years, the first day of the period of time is not included in calculation, unless the period of time commences between midnight and one o&#039;clock a.m. (at 0 o&#039;clock a.m.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other misciellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenenreccht (1911)]:&lt;br /&gt;
** Art.76:&lt;br /&gt;
*** Ist die Zeit auf Anfang oder Ende eines Monats festgesetzt, so ist darunter der erste oder der letzte Tag des Monates zu verstehen.&lt;br /&gt;
** Art:77:&lt;br /&gt;
*** [I] Soll die Erfüllung einer Verbindlichkeit oder eine andere Rechtshandlung mit dem Ablaufe einer bestimmten Frist nach Abschluss des Vertrages erfolgen, so fällt ihr Zeitpunkt:&lt;br /&gt;
**** 1. wenn die Frist nach Tagen bestimmt ist, auf den letzten Tag der Frist, wobei der Tag, an dem der Vertrag geschlossen wurde, nicht mit gerechnet und, wenn die Frist auf acht oder fünfzehn Tage lautet, nicht die Zeit von einer oder zwei Wochen verstanden wird, sondern volle acht oder fünfzehn Tage,&lt;br /&gt;
**** 2. wenn die Frist nach Wochen bestimmt ist, auf denjenigen Tag der letzten Woche, der durch seinen Namen dem Tage des Vertragsabschlusses entspricht,&lt;br /&gt;
**** 3. wenn die Frist nach Monaten oder einem mehrere Monate umfassenden Zeitraume (Jahr, halbes Jahr, Vierteljahr) bestimmt ist, auf denjenigen Tag des letzten Monates, der durch seine Zahl dem Tage des Vertragsabschlusses entspricht, und, wenn dieser Tag in dem letzten Monate fehlt, auf den letzten Tag dieses Monates.&lt;br /&gt;
*** [II] Der Ausdruck „halber Monat“ wird einem Zeitraume von fünfzehn Tagen gleichgeachtet, die, wenn eine Frist auf einen oder mehrere ganze Monate und einen halben Monat lautet, zuletzt zu zählen sind.&lt;br /&gt;
*** [III] In gleicher Weise wird die Frist auch dann berechnet, wenn sie nicht von dem Tage des Vertragsabschlusses, sondern von einem andern Zeitpunkte an zu laufen hat.&lt;br /&gt;
*** [IV} Soll die Erfüllung innerhalb einer bestimmten Frist geschehen, so muss sie vor deren Ablauf erfolgen.&lt;br /&gt;
** Art.132:&lt;br /&gt;
*** Bei der Berechnung der Frist ist der Tag, von dem an die Verjährung läuft, nicht mit zu rechnen und die Verjährung erst dann als beendigt zu betrachten, wenn der letzte Tag unbenutzt verstrichen ist.&lt;br /&gt;
*** Im übrigen gelten die Vorschriften für die Fristberechnungen bei der Erfüllung auch für die Verjährung.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0157&amp;diff=9143</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0157</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0157&amp;diff=9143"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:38:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter05|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๕ ระยะเวลา&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0156|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0158|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 157&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ระยะเวลานั้น ท่านให้คำนวณเป็นวัน&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าระยะเวลานับเป็นชั่วโมง ท่านว่าระยะเวลาย่อมเริ่มต้นในทันใดนั้น&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 157.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] A period of time is calculated by day.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] If it is measured in hours, it begins to run at once.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0156-0158.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0031|31]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-02|193/2]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-03|193/3(I)]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): [[1896ja_Book1_Chapter05#Article_138.|138]] [??], &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter05#Article_139.|139]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0156&amp;diff=9142</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0156</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0156&amp;diff=9142"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:38:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter05|&#039;&#039;&#039;ลักษณะ ๕ ระยะเวลา&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0155|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0157|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 156&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* วิธีการกำหนดนับระยะเวลาทั้งปวง ท่านให้บังคับด้วยบทบัญญัติทั้งหลายแห่งลักษณะนี้ เว้นแต่จะมีกำหนดไว้เป็นประการอื่นโดยกฎหมายหรือกฎข้อบังคับ โดยคำสั่งศาล หรือโดยนีติกรรม&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 156.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* The manner of computing all periods of time is governed by the provisions of this Title, unless it is otherwise provided by law or regulations, by a judicial order or by a juristic act.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0156-0158.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0030|30]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193-01|193/1]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter05#Article_138.|138]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter04#Section_186.|186]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.138:&lt;br /&gt;
** With regard to the method of calculation of periods of time, the provisions of the present Chapter shall be followed, unless otherwise provided by laws and ordinances, by juridical orders, or by juristic acts.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0155&amp;diff=9141</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0155</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0155&amp;diff=9141"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:37:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter04_Title04|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๔ เงื่อนไขและเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเวลาสิ้นสุด&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0154|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0156|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 155&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ในกรณีดั่งจะกล่าวต่อไปนี้ ท่านห้ามมิให้ฝ่ายลูกหนี้ถือเอาประโยชน์แห่งเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเงื่อนเวลาสุดสิ้น คือ&lt;br /&gt;
** (๑) ถ้าลูกหนี้ถูกศาลสั่งให้เป็นคนล้มละลาย&lt;br /&gt;
** (๒) ถ้าลูกหนี้ไม่ให้ประกันในเมื่อจำต้องให้&lt;br /&gt;
** (๓) ถ้าลูกหนี้ได้ทำลาย หรือทำให้ลดน้อยถอยลงซึ่งประกันอันได้ให้ไว้&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 155.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* In the following cases the debtor cannot take advantage of a time of commencement or ending:&lt;br /&gt;
** (1) If he has been adjudged bankrupt;&lt;br /&gt;
** (2) If he has destroyed or diminished any security given;&lt;br /&gt;
** (3) If he has not given security when he was bound to give it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0150-0155.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0193|193]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter04_Title05#Article_137.|137]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/codenapoleonorf00spengoog/page/322/mode/2up Fr.1188]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.137:&lt;br /&gt;
** In any of the following cases the debtor cannot assert the benefit of a time of commencement and ending: -&lt;br /&gt;
*** (1) When the debtor is declared bankrupt;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (2) When the debtor has destroyed or decreased the security;&lt;br /&gt;
*** (3) When the debtor has not given security in case he was under obligation to furnish it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* French Civil Code (1804), Art.1188:&lt;br /&gt;
** A debtor can no longer claim the benefit of the term when he has become bankrupt, or when by bis own act he has diminished the security which he had given by the contract to his creditor.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0154&amp;diff=9140</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0154</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0154&amp;diff=9140"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:37:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter04_Title04|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๔ เงื่อนไขและเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเวลาสิ้นสุด&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0153|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0155|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 154&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* อันเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเงื่อนเวลาสุดสิ้นนั้น ท่านให้สันนิษฐานไว้ก่อนว่าย่อมกำหนดไว้เพื่อประโยชน์แก่ฝ่ายลูกหนี้ เว้นแต่จะปรากฏโดยเนื้อความแห่งตราสาร หรือโดยพฤติการณ์แห่งกรณีว่าได้ตั้งใจจะให้เป็นประโยชน์แก่ฝ่ายเจ้าหนี้ หรือแก่คู่กรณีทั้งสองฝ่ายด้วยกัน&lt;br /&gt;
* อนึ่งประโยชน์แห่งเงื่อนเวลานั้น ฝ่ายใดจะสละประโยชน์นั้นเสียก็ได้ แต่การสละนี้ย่อมไม่กระทบกระเทือนถึงประโยชน์อันคู่กรณีอีกฝ่ายหนึ่งจะพึงได้แต่เงื่อนเวลานั้น&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 154.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] It is presumed that a time of commencement or ending is fixed for the benefit of the debtor, unless it appears from the tenor of the instrument or from the circumstances of the case that it was intended for the benefit of the creditor, or of both parties.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] The benefit of such a time may be waived, but this will not affect any benefit which would accrue therefrom to the other party.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0150-0155.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0211|211]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0192|192]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter04_Title05#Article_136.|136]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024893640/page/n71/mode/2up Br.126]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
This section would be &amp;lt;u&amp;gt;a compound provision from two different models&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [Primary model] Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.136:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] A time of commencement and ending is presumed to be fixed for the benefit of the debtor.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] The benefit of a time of commencement and ending may be renounced (waived) but the interest of the other party may not be injured thereby.&lt;br /&gt;
* [Secondary model] Civil Code of Brazil (1916), Art.126:&lt;br /&gt;
** In wills (testamentos) the period (prazo) is presumed in favor of the heir, and, in contracts, in favor of the debtor, unless, in respect to the latter, it appears from the tenor of the instrument or from the circumstances, that it was intended for the benefit of the creditor, or of both the contracting parties.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0153&amp;diff=9139</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0153</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0153&amp;diff=9139"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:37:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter04_Title04|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๔ เงื่อนไขและเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเวลาสิ้นสุด&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0152|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0154|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 153&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้านีติกรรมมีเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นกำหนดไว้ ท่านห้ามมิให้ทวงถามให้ปฏิบัติการตามนีติกรรมก่อนถึงเวลากำหนด&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้านีติกรรมมีเงื่อนเวลาสุดสิ้นกำหนดไว้ ท่านว่านีติกรรมนั้นย่อมสิ้นผลเมื่อถึงเวลากำหนด&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 153.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] If a time of commencement is annexed to a juristic act, its performance cannot be demanded before such time has arriveds.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] If a time of ending is annexed to a juristic act, its effect ceases when such time arrived.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0150-0155.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [[2466th_Sec_0209|209]]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0191|191]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter04_Title05#Article_135.|135]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [ [[1896de_Book1_Chapter03_Title04#Section_163.|163]]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.135:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] When a date (time) of commencement is annexed to a juristic act, the performance thereof cannot be demanded until the arrival of the date (time) provided.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] When a date (time) of ending is annexed to a juristic act the effect of such act is extinguished upon the arrival of the said date (time).&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0152&amp;diff=9138</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0152</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0152&amp;diff=9138"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:37:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter04_Title04|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๔ เงื่อนไขและเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเวลาสิ้นสุด&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0151|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0153|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 152&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* นีติกรรมใดมีเงื่อนไขบังคับก่อน และเป็นเงื่อนไขอันสำเร็จได้หรือไม่สุดแล้วแต่ใจของฝ่ายลูกหนี้เท่านั้นไซร้ นีติกรรมนั้นท่านว่าเป็นโมฆะ&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 152.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* A juristic act upon a condition precedent which depends merely upon the will of the debtor is void.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0150-0155.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0190|190]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter04_Title05#Article_134.|134]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://archive.org/details/codenapoleonorf00spengoog/page/318/mode/2up Fr.1174]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.134:&lt;br /&gt;
** A juristic act subject to a condition precedent is void if the condition depends entirely upon the will of the debtor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous source is as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* French Civil Code (1804), Art.1174:&lt;br /&gt;
** Every obligation is null when it has been contracted under a potestative condition on the part of him who binds himself.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0151&amp;diff=9137</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0151</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0151&amp;diff=9137"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:37:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter04_Title04|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๔ เงื่อนไขและเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเวลาสิ้นสุด&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0150|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0152|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 151&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* นีติกรรมใดมีเงื่อนไขบังคับก่อน และเงื่อนไขนั้นเป็นการอันพ้นวิสัย ท่านว่านีติกรรมนั้นเป็นโมฆะ&lt;br /&gt;
* นีติกรรมใดมีเงื่อนไขบังคับหลัง และเงื่อนไขนั้นเป็นการอันพ้นวิสัย ท่านว่านีติกรรมนั้นเป็นอันสมบูรณ์ปราศจากเงื่อนไข&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 151.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] A juristic act upon a condition precedent which is impossible is void.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] A juristic act upon a condition subsequent which is impossible is unconditionally valid.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0150-0155.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0189|189]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter04_Title05#Article_133.|133]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.133:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] A juristic act subject to an impossible condition precedent is void.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] A juristic act subject to an impossible condition subsequent is deemed to be an unconditional act.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0150&amp;diff=9136</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0150</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0150&amp;diff=9136"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:36:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter04_Title04|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๔ เงื่อนไขและเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเวลาสิ้นสุด&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0149|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0151|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 150&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* นีติกรรมใดมีเงื่อนไขอันไม่ชอบด้วยกฎหมายก็ดี ขัดวางต่อความสงบเรียบร้อย หรือศีลธรรมอันดีของประชาชนก็ดี นีติกรรมนั้นท่านว่าเป็นโมฆะ&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 150.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* A juristic act is void if it is subject to an unlawful condition, or a condition contrary to public order or good morals.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0150-0155.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): * [&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2466th_Sec_0205|205]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0188|188]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter04_Title05#Article_132.|132]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[https://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/code/book3/c_title03.html#chapter4 Fr.1172]; S.O.157&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Old Text (1923), Sec.205:&lt;br /&gt;
** หนี้ซึ่งมีเงื่อนไขอันไม่ชอบด้วยกฎหมายก็ดี ขัดต่อรัฐประศาสโนบาย ฤๅต่อความปลอดภัยแห่งบุคคลฤๅทรัพย์สินก็ดี ท่านว่าหนี้นั้นเป็นโมฆะ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous sources are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* French Civil Code (1804), Art.1172:&lt;br /&gt;
** Every condition of a thing impossible, or contrary to good morals, or prohibited by the law, is null, and renders null the agreement which depends thereon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)], Art.157:&lt;br /&gt;
** Wird eine Bedingung in der Absicht beigefügt, eine widerrechtliche oder unsittliche Handlung oder Unterlassung zu befördern, so ist der bedingte Anspruch nichtig.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0149&amp;diff=9135</id>
		<title>2468th Sec 0149</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0149&amp;diff=9135"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:36:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Codesuser: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter04_Title04|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๔ เงื่อนไขและเงื่อนเวลาเริ่มต้นหรือเวลาสิ้นสุด&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0148|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0150|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;มาตรา 149&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าเงื่อนไขสำเร็จแล้ว แต่ในเวลาทำนีติกรรม หากเป็นเงื่อนไขบังคับก่อน ท่านว่านีติกรรมนั้นเป็นอันสมบูรณ์ปราศจากเงื่อนไข หากว่าเป็นเงื่อนไขบังคับหลัง ท่านว่านีติกรรมนั้นเป็นโมฆะ&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าในเวลาทำนีติกรรม เป็นที่แน่นอนอยู่แล้วว่าเงื่อนไขนั้นไม่อาจสำเร็จได้ หากเป็นเงื่อนไขบังคับก่อน ท่านว่านีติกรรมนั้นเป็นโมฆะ หากเป็นเงื่อนไขบังคับหลัง ท่านว่านีติกรรมนั้นเป็นอันสมบูรณ์ปราศจากเงื่อนไข&lt;br /&gt;
* ในกรณีดั่งกล่าวมาในสองวรรคก่อนนี้ ตราบใดคู่กรณียังไม่รู้ว่าเงื่อนไขได้สำเร็จแล้ว หรือมิอาจสำเร็จได้ ตราบนั้นท่านให้ใช้บทบัญญัติมาตรา ๑๔๖ และ ๑๔๗ บังคับแล้วแต่กรณี&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Section 149.&#039;&#039;&#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] When the condition is already fulfilled at the time of the juristic act, the latter is unconditionally valid, if the condition is precedent, and is void, if the condition is subsequent.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] When it is already certain at the time of the juristic act that the condition cannot be fulfilled, the act is void, if the condition is precedent, and unconditionally valid, if the condition is subsequent.&lt;br /&gt;
* [III] In the cases mentioned in the foregoing two paragraphs the provisions of sections 146 and 147 apply correspondingly so long as the parties do not know whether the condition is fulfilled or cannot be fulfilled.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《References》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0147-0149.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2535th_Sec_0187|187]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter04_Title05#Article_131.|131]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &#039;&#039;&#039;《Comments》&#039;&#039;&#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.131:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] In case the condition has been already fulfilled at the time of doing a juristic act, the said act is deemed to be unconditionally valid if the condition is precedent, and void if the condition is subsequent.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] In case the non-fulfilment of the condition is certain at the time of doing the juristic act, such act is deemed to be null and void if the condition is precedent and unconditionally valid if the condition is subsequent.&lt;br /&gt;
** [III] In the cases of the preceding two paragraphs the provisions of Arts. 128 and 129 apply correspondingly so long as the parties concerned do not know of the fulfilment of the condition or of the impossibility of fulfilment.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>