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	<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=2468th_Sec_0121</id>
	<title>2468th Sec 0121 - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=2468th_Sec_0121"/>
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	<updated>2026-05-01T07:35:10Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.44.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0121&amp;diff=9107&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Codesuser at 15:30, 26 March 2026</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0121&amp;diff=9107&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2026-03-26T15:30:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:30, 26 March 2026&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==== [[2468th_Book1_Chapter04_Title02|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๒ แสดงเจตนา&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0120|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0122|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;มาตรา 121&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;มาตรา 121&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* การแสดงเจตนาอันได้มาเพราะกลฉ้อฉลก็ดี เพราะข่มขู่ก็ดี ท่านว่าเป็นโมฆียะ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* การแสดงเจตนาอันได้มาเพราะกลฉ้อฉลก็ดี เพราะข่มขู่ก็ดี ท่านว่าเป็นโมฆียะ&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0121&amp;diff=4215&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Codesuser: 1 revision imported</title>
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		<updated>2025-08-03T14:02:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:02, 3 August 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
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		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0121&amp;diff=4214&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Codesuser at 13:29, 6 July 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0121&amp;diff=4214&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-07-06T13:29:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;มาตรา 121&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* การแสดงเจตนาอันได้มาเพราะกลฉ้อฉลก็ดี เพราะข่มขู่ก็ดี ท่านว่าเป็นโมฆียะ&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าคู่กรณีฝ่ายหนึ่งได้แสดงเจตนาเพราะกลฉ้อฉลของบุคคลภายนอก การจะเป็นโมฆียะต่อเมื่อคู่กรณีอีกฝ่ายหนึ่งได้รู้หรือควรจะได้รู้กลฉ้อฉลนั้น&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าทำกลฉ้อฉลลวงให้เขาบอกล้างการแสดงเจตนา การบอกล้างเช่นนั้น ท่านห้ามมิให้ยกขึ้นเป็นข้อต่อสู่บุคคลภายนอกผู้ทำการโดยสุจริต&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Section 121.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] A declaration of intention procured by fraud or duress is voidable.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] When a party has made a declaration of intention owing to a fraud committed by a third person, the act is voidable only if the other party knew or ought to have known of the fraud.&lt;br /&gt;
* [III] The avoidance of a declaration of intention procured by fraud cannot be set up against a third person acting in good faith.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;《References》&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0119-0122.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[2466th_Sec_0137|137]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; [, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[2466th_Sec_0138|138]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# New Text (1992): &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[2535th_Sec_0159|159(I)(III)]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[2535th_Sec_0160|160]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[2535th_Sec_0164|164(I)]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter04_Title02#Article_96.|96]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): [&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[1896de_Book1_Chapter03_Title02#Section_123.|123]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: [&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;S.O.28, 29 par.1&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;《Comments》&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.96:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] An expression of intention made as the result of fraud or compulsion can be annulled.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] When, with regard to an expression of intention to a certain person, a third person has committed a fraud, such expression of intention can only be annulled when the other party was cognizant of the fact.&lt;br /&gt;
** [III] The nullification (avoidance) of an expression of intention owing to fraud cannot be set up against a third person acting in good faith.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The other miscellaneous sources are as follows:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Das_schweizerische_obligationenrecht_vom/x5j5QiB-QDAC?hl=en&amp;amp;gbpv=0 Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911)]:&lt;br /&gt;
** Art.28:&lt;br /&gt;
*** Ist ein Vertragschließender durch absichtliche Täuschung seitens des Andern zu dem Vertragsabschlusse verleitet worden, so ist der Vertrag für ihn auch dann nicht verbindlich, wenn der erregte Irrtum kein wesentlicher war.&lt;br /&gt;
*** Die von einem Dritten verübte absichtliche Täuschung hindert die Verbindlichkeit für den Getäuschten nur, wenn der Andere zur Zeit des Vertragsabschlusses die Täuschung gekannt hat oder hätte kennen sollen.&lt;br /&gt;
** Art.29:&lt;br /&gt;
*** Ist ein Vertragschließender von dem Anderen oder von einem Dritten widerrechtlich durch Erregung gegründeter Furcht zur Eingehung eines Vertrages bestimmt worden, so ist der Vertrag für den Bedrohten unverbindlich.&lt;br /&gt;
*** Ist die Drohung von einem Dritten ausgegangen, so hat, wo es der Billigkeit entspricht, der Bedrohte, der den Vertrag nicht halten will, dem Andern, wenn dieser die Drohung weder gekannt hat noch hätte kennen sollen, Entschädigung zu leisten.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
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