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	<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=2468th_Sec_0195</id>
	<title>2468th Sec 0195 - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=2468th_Sec_0195"/>
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	<updated>2026-05-01T15:20:53Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.44.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0195&amp;diff=7348&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Codesuser at 14:45, 14 September 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0195&amp;diff=7348&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-09-14T14:45:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:45, 14 September 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==== [[2468th_Book2_Chapter01_Title01|&#039;&#039;&#039;หมวด ๑ วัตถุแห่งหนี้&#039;&#039;&#039;]] ====&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0194|← Previous Section]]&#039;&#039;&#039; | &#039;&#039;&#039;[[2468th Sec 0196|Next Section →]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;มาตรา 195&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;มาตรา 195&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* เมื่อทรัพย์ซึ่งเป็นวัตถุแห่งหนี้นั้นได้ระบุไว้แต่พียงเป็นประเภท และถ้าตามสภาพแห่งนิติกรรม หรือตามเจตนาของคู่กรณีไม่อาจจะกำหนดได้ว่าทรัพย์นั้นจะพึงเป็นชนิดอย่างไรไซร้ ท่านว่าลูกหนี้จะต้องส่งมอบทรัพย์ชนิดปานกลาง&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* เมื่อทรัพย์ซึ่งเป็นวัตถุแห่งหนี้นั้นได้ระบุไว้แต่พียงเป็นประเภท และถ้าตามสภาพแห่งนิติกรรม หรือตามเจตนาของคู่กรณีไม่อาจจะกำหนดได้ว่าทรัพย์นั้นจะพึงเป็นชนิดอย่างไรไซร้ ท่านว่าลูกหนี้จะต้องส่งมอบทรัพย์ชนิดปานกลาง&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0195&amp;diff=4363&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Codesuser: 1 revision imported</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0195&amp;diff=4363&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-08-03T14:03:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;1 revision imported&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:03, 3 August 2025&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-notice&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0195&amp;diff=4362&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Codesuser at 16:51, 7 July 2025</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/2468_th_codes/index.php?title=2468th_Sec_0195&amp;diff=4362&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2025-07-07T16:51:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;มาตรา 195&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
* เมื่อทรัพย์ซึ่งเป็นวัตถุแห่งหนี้นั้นได้ระบุไว้แต่พียงเป็นประเภท และถ้าตามสภาพแห่งนิติกรรม หรือตามเจตนาของคู่กรณีไม่อาจจะกำหนดได้ว่าทรัพย์นั้นจะพึงเป็นชนิดอย่างไรไซร้ ท่านว่าลูกหนี้จะต้องส่งมอบทรัพย์ชนิดปานกลาง&lt;br /&gt;
* ถ้าลูกหนี้ได้กระทำการอันตนจะพึงต้องทำเพื่อส่งมอบทรัพย์สิ่งนั้นทุกประการแล้วก็ดี หรือถ้าลูกหนี้ได้เลือกกำหนดทรัพย์ที่จะส่งมอบแล้วด้วยความยินยอมของเจ้าหนี้ก็ดี ท่านว่าทรัพย์นั้นจึงเป็นวัตถุแห่งหนี้จำเดิมแต่เวลานั้นไป&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Section 195.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Draft in English from [https://digital.library.tu.ac.th/tu_dc/frontend/Info/item/dc:163466 Vol.79])&lt;br /&gt;
* [I] When the thing which forms the subject of an obligation is described only in kind, if its quality cannot be determined by the nature of the juristic act or the intention of the parties, the debtor must deliver a thing of medium quality.&lt;br /&gt;
* [II] If the debtor has done every thing required on his part for the delivery of such thing, or if he on obtaining the consent of the creditor has designated a thing for delivery, such thing becomes from that time the subject of the obligation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;《References》&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: [https://openlegaltextbook.ddns.net/Codes/archives/vol079/vol079_0194-0195.pdf Images in Archives]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Old Text (1923): [[2466th_Sec_0301|301]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Jp. Code (1896,98): * &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[1896ja_Book3_Chapter01_Title01#Article_401.|401]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
# Gr. Code (1896): &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[1896de_Book2_Chapter01_Title01#Section_243.|243]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
# Miscellaneous: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;《Comments》&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ======&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;u&amp;gt;The most plausible model&amp;lt;/u&amp;gt; for this section would be:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Japanese Civil Code (1896/98), Art.401:&lt;br /&gt;
** [I] In case the thing which is the subject of an obligation is indicated by its kind (species) only, if the quality cannot be determined from the nature of the juristic act nor from the intention of the parties concerned, the debtor must make prestation of a thing of medium quality.&lt;br /&gt;
** [II] In the case of the preceding Paragraph, if the debtor has completed acts necessary for the prestation of the thing or, with the consent of the creditor, has indicated the thing for such prestation by him, such thing shall thenceforth be the subject of the obligation.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Codesuser</name></author>
	</entry>
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