2468th Sec 0409

มาตรา 409

• เมื่อบุคคลผู้หนึ่งผู้ใดซึ่งมิได้เป็นลูกหนี้ได้ชำระหนี้ไปโดยสำคัญผิด เป็นเหตุให้เจ้าหนี้ผู้ทำการโดยสุจริตได้ทำลายหรือลบล้างเสียซึ่งเอกสารอันเป็นพยานหลักฐานแห่งหนี้ก็ดี ยกเลิกหลักประกันเสียก็ดี สิ้นสิทธิไปเพราะขาดอายุความก็ดี ท่านว่าเจ้าหนี้ไม่จำต้องคืนทรัพย์
• บทบัญญัติที่กล่าวมาในวรรคก่อนนี้ ไม่ขัดขวางต่อการที่บุคคลผู้ได้ชำระหนี้นั้นจะใช้สิทธิไล่เบี้ยเอาแก่ลูกหนี้และผู้ค้ำประกัน ถ้าจะพึงมี

Section 409. (Draft in English from Vol.79)

• [I] When a person who is not a debtor has performed an obligation by mistake and the creditor, in consequence thereof, has in good faith destroyed or obliterated the documentary evidence of the obligation or given up any security or lost his right by prescription, the creditor is not bound to make restitution.
• [II] The provisions of the foregoing paragraph do not prevent the person who has performed from exercising a right of recourse against the debtor and his surety, if any.

《References》

☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: Images in Archives

1. Old Text (1923):
2. Jp. Code (1896,98): * 707
3. Gr. Code (1896):
4. Miscellaneous: Br.960; Fr.1377

《Comments》

The most plausible model for this section would be:

• Japanese Civil Code (1896/98), Art.707;
  • [I] When a person who is not a debtor has performed an obligation by mistake, if the creditor has, in good faith, destroyed the bond, renounced (waived) the security, or lost the obligation by prescription, restitution cannot be demanded by the person who has performed.
  • [II] The provisions of the preceding Paragraph do not prevent the person who has performed from exercising his claim for reimbursement (right of recourse) against the debtor.

The other miscellaneous sources are as follows:

• Civil Code of Brazil (1916), Art.960;
  • [I] The non-performance (inadimplemento) of the obligation, positive and liquid, within its term, constitutes the debtor in default, by force of law.
  • [II] If no period has been fixed, the default begins from the interpellation, notification, or protest.
• French Civil Code (1804), Art.1377;
  • [I] When a person through mistake, believing himself a debtor, discharges a demand, he has a claim for recovery against the creditor.
  • [II] Nevertheless such claim ceases in the case where the creditor has destroyed his tide in consequence of payments, saving the remedy of the party paying against the real debtor.