2468th Sec 0437

มาตรา 437

• บุคคลใดครอบครองหรือควบคุมดูแลยานพาหนะอย่างใดๆ อันเดินด้วยกำลังเครื่องจักรกล บุคคลนั้นจะต้องรับผิดชอบเพื่อการเสียหายอันเกิดแต่ยานพาหนะนั้น เว้นแต่จะพิสูจน์ได้ว่าการเสียหายนั้นเกิดแต่เหตุสุดวิสัย หรือเกิดเพราะความผิดของผู้ต้องเสียหายนั้นเอง
• ความข้อนี้ให้ใช้บังคับได้ ตลอดถึงบุคคลผู้มีไว้ในครอบครองของตนซึ่งทรัพย์อันเป็นของเกิดอันตรายได้โดยสภาพ หรือโดยความมุ่งหมายที่จะใช้ หรือโดยอาการกลไกของทรัพย์นั้นด้วย

Section 437. (Draft in English from Vol.79)

• [I] A person is responsible for injury caused by any conveyance propelled by mechanism which is in his possession or control, unless he proves that the injury results from force majeure or fault of the injured person.
• [II] The same applies to the person who has in his possession things dangerous by nature of destination or on account of their mechanical action.

《References》

☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: Images in Archives

1. Old Text (1923):
2. Jp. Code (1896,98):
3. Gr. Code (1896):
4. Miscellaneous: Fr.1384 [=Fr.1384 par.1]; Br.1527

《Comments》

The miscellaneous sources are as follows:

• French Civil Code (1804), Art.1384;
  • [I] A person is responsible not only for the injury which is caused by his own act, but also for that which is caused by the act of persons for whom he is bound to answer, or by things which he has had under his care.
  • [II] The father, and the mother after the decease of her husband, are responsible for the injury caused by their children being minors and residing with them; masters and trustees, for the injury caused by their servants and managers in the functions in which they have employed them ;
  • [III] Tutors and artisans for the injury caused by their pupils and apprentices during the period in which they are under their superintendence.
  • [IV] The responsibility above mentioned is incurred, unless the father and mother, tutors and artisans, can prove that they were not able to prevent the act which gives rise to such responsibility.

• Civil Code of Brazil (1916), Art.1527;
  • The owner, or keeper (detentor), of an animal shall make good (resarcird) the damtige caused by it, unless he proves:
    • I. That he kept and watched it with precise care.
    • II. That the animal was provoked by another.
    • III. That the person injured acted imprudently {qioe houver imprudencia do offendido).
    • IV. That the fact resulted from accident (caso fortuito), or vis major.