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= '''[[1896ja Main Page|JAPANESE CIVIL CODE OF 1896]]''' =
= '''[[1896ja Main Page|JAPANESE CIVIL CODE OF 1896/98]]''' =


* '''''Based on the English Translation by:''''' ''J. E. de Becker (1909 – 1910).'' Annotated Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth & Co. [Available on Google Books and Archive.org: [https://books.google.co.th/books?id=IJ89AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=th&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Volume 1], [https://books.google.co.th/books?id=-5hBAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=th&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Volume 2], [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Annotated_Civil_Code_of_Japan/7_oqAQAAMAAJ?hl=th&gbpv=0 Volume 3], [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Annotated_Civil_Code_of_Japan/3_8qAQAAMAAJ?hl=th&gbpv=0 Volume 4]]
* '''''Based on the English Translation by:''''' ''J. E. de Becker (1909 – 1910).'' Annotated Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth & Co. [Available on Google Books and Archive.org: [https://books.google.co.th/books?id=IJ89AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=th&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Volume 1], [https://books.google.co.th/books?id=-5hBAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=th&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Volume 2], [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Annotated_Civil_Code_of_Japan/7_oqAQAAMAAJ?hl=th&gbpv=0 Volume 3], [https://www.google.co.th/books/edition/Annotated_Civil_Code_of_Japan/3_8qAQAAMAAJ?hl=th&gbpv=0 Volume 4]]
Line 6: Line 6:


== BOOK I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. ==
== BOOK I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. ==
← Previous Page | '''[[1896ja_Book1_Chapter01_Title02|Next Page →]]'''


=== Chapter I. Persons. ===
=== Chapter I. Persons. ===
Line 273: Line 274:
*Arts. 540 – 548.
*Arts. 540 – 548.


==== Title II. Gift (Donatio). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title02|Title II. Gift (Donatio).]] ====


*Arts. 549 – 554.
*Arts. 549 – 554.
Line 279: Line 280:
==== Title III. Sale (Emptio venditio). ====
==== Title III. Sale (Emptio venditio). ====


===== Part I. General Provisions. =====
===== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title03 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====


*Arts. 555 – 559.
*Arts. 555 – 559.


===== Part II. Effect of a Sale. =====
===== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title03 Part02|Part II. Effect of a Sale.]] =====


*Arts. 560 – 578.
*Arts. 560 – 578.


===== Part III. Re-purchase (Pactum de retroemendo). =====
===== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title03 Part03|Part III. Re-purchase (Pactum de retroemendo).]] =====


*Arts. 579 – 585.
*Arts. 579 – 585.


==== Title IV. Exchange (Recum permutatio). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title04|Title IV. Exchange (Recum permutatio).]] ====


*Art. 586.
*Art. 586.


==== Title V. Loans for Consumption (Mutuum). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title05|Title V. Loans for Consumption (Mutuum).]] ====


*Arts. 587 – 592.
*Arts. 587 – 592.


==== Title VI. Loans for Use (Commodatum). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title06|Title VI. Loans for Use (Commodatum).]] ====


*Arts. 593 – 600.
*Arts. 593 – 600.
Line 305: Line 306:
==== Title VII. Hiring of Things (Locatio conductio rei). ====
==== Title VII. Hiring of Things (Locatio conductio rei). ====


===== Part I. General Provisions. =====
===== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title07 Part01|Part I. General Provisions.]] =====


*Arts. 601 – 604.
*Arts. 601 – 604.


===== Part II. Effect of a Hiring of Things. =====
===== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title07 Part02|Part II. Effect of a Hiring of Things.]] =====


*Arts. 605 – 616.
*Arts. 605 – 616.


===== Part III. Termination of a Hiring of Things. =====
===== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title07 Part03|Part III. Termination of a Hiring of Things.]] =====


*Arts. 617 – 622.
*Arts. 617 – 622.


==== Title VIII. Hiring of Services (Locatio conductio operarum). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title08|Title VIII. Hiring of Services (Locatio conductio operarum).]] ====


*Arts. 623 – 631.
*Arts. 623 – 631.


==== Title IX. Contract Work (Locatio conductio operis). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title09|Title IX. Contract Work (Locatio conductio operis).]] ====


*Arts. 632 – 642.
*Arts. 632 – 642.


==== Title X. Mandate (Mandatum). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title10|Title X. Mandate (Mandatum).]] ====


*Arts. 643 – 656.
*Arts. 643 – 656.


==== Title XI. Deposit (Depositum). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title11|Title XI. Deposit (Depositum).]] ====


*Arts. 657 – 666.
*Arts. 657 – 666.


==== Title XII. Partnerships (Societas). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title12|Title XII. Partnerships or "Association" (Societas).]] ====


*Arts. 667 – 688.
*Arts. 667 – 688.


==== Title XIII. Life-Annuities. ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title13|Title XIII. Life-Annuities.]] ====


*Arts. 689 – 694.
*Arts. 689 – 694.


==== Title XIV. Compromise (Compromissum). ====
==== [[1896ja Book3 Chapter02 Title14|Title XIV. Compromise (Compromissum).]] ====


*Arts. 695 – 696.
*Arts. 695 – 696.

Latest revision as of 10:17, 21 September 2025

JAPANESE CIVIL CODE OF 1896/98

  • Based on the English Translation by: J. E. de Becker (1909 – 1910). Annotated Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth & Co. [Available on Google Books and Archive.org: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4]
  • "INDEX TO ARTICLES" in his another work offers additional information: J. E. de Becker (1921). The Principles and Practice of Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth & Co. [Available on Archive.org]
  • Original Version in Japanese.

BOOK I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES.

← Previous Page | Next Page →

Chapter I. Persons.

Title I. Enjoyment of Private Rights.

  • Arts. 1 – 2.

Title II. Capacity.

  • Arts. 3 – 20.

Title III. Domicile.

  • Arts. 21 – 24.

Title IV. Disappearance.

  • Arts. 25 – 32.

Chapter II. Juridical Persons.

Title I. Creation of Juridical Persons.

  • Arts. 33 – 51.

Title II. Management of Juridical Persons.

  • Arts. 52 – 67.

Title III. Dissolution of a Juridical Person.

  • Arts. 68 – 83.

Title IV. Penalties.

  • Art. 84.

Chapter III. Things.

  • Arts. 85 – 89.

Chapter IV. Juristic Acts

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 90 – 92.

Title II. Expression of Intention.

  • Arts. 93 – 98.

Title III. Representation.

  • Arts. 99 – 118.

Title IV. Void and Voidable Acts.

  • Arts. 119 – 126.

Title V. Conditions and Limitation of Time.

  • Arts. 127 – 137.

Chapter V. Period of Time.

  • Arts. 138 – 143.

Chapter VI. Prescription.

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 144 – 161.

Title II. Acquisitive Prescription.

  • Arts. 162 – 165.

Title III. Extinctive Prescription.

  • Arts. 166 – 174.

BOOK II. REAL RIGHTS.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 175 – 179.

Chapter II. Possessory Rights.

Title I. Acquisition of Possessory Rights.

  • Arts. 180 – 187.

Title II. Validity of Possessory Rights.

  • Arts. 188 – 202.

Title III. Extinction of Possessory Rights.

  • Arts. 203 – 204.

Title IV. Quasi-Possession.

  • Art. 205.

Chapter III. Ownership.

Title I. Extent of Ownership.

  • Arts. 206 – 238.

Title II. Acquisition of Ownership.

  • Arts. 239 – 248.

Title III. Joint Ownership.

  • Arts. 249 – 264.

Chapter IV. Superficies.

  • Arts. 265 – 269.

Chapter V. Emphyteusis.

  • Arts. 270 – 279.

Chapter VI. Servitudes.

  • Arts. 280 – 294.

Chapter VII. Liens.

  • Arts. 295 – 302.

Chapter VIII. Preferential Rights.

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 303 – 305.

Title II. Classes of Preferential Rights.

Part I. General Preferential Rights.
  • Arts. 306 – 310.
Part II. Preferential Rights in Movables.
  • Arts. 311 – 324.
Part III. Preferential Rights in Immovables.
  • Arts. 325 – 328.

Title III. Ranks of Preferential Rights.

  • Arts. 329 – 332.

Title IV. Effect of Preferential Rights.

  • Arts. 333 – 341.

Chapter IX. Pledge (PIGNUS).

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 342 – 351.

Title II. Pledges of Movables.

  • Arts. 352 – 355.

Title III. Pledges of Immovables.

  • Arts. 356 – 361.

Title IV. Pledges of Rights.

  • Arts. 362 – 368.

Chapter X. Mortgages (HYPOTHECA).

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 369 – 372.

Title II. Effect of Mortgage.

  • Arts. 373 – 395.

Title III. Extinction of Mortgages.

  • Arts. 396 – 398.

BOOK III. OBLIGATIONS (or CLAIMS).

Chapter I. General Provisions.

Title I. Subjects of Obligations.

  • Arts. 399 – 411.

Title II. Effect of Obligations.

  • Arts. 412 – 426.

Title III. Obligations with a Plurality of Parties.

Part. I. General Provisions.
  • Art. 427.
Part II. Indivisible Obligations.
  • Arts. 428 – 431.
Part III. Joint Obligations.
  • Arts. 432 – 445.
Part IV. Suretyship.
  • Arts. 446 – 465.

Title IV. Assignment of Obligations.

  • Arts. 466 – 473.

Title V. Extinction of Obligations.

Part I. Performance.
  • Arts. 474 – 504.
Part II. Set-off (Compensatio).
  • Arts. 505 – 512.
Part III. Novation (Novatio).
  • Arts. 513 – 518.
Part IV. Remission (Release).
  • Art. 519.
Part V. Confusion (Confusio).
  • Art. 520.

Chapter II. Contracts.

Title I. General Provisions.

Part I. Formation of a Contract.
  • Arts. 521 – 522.
Part II. Effect of a Contract.
  • Arts. 523 – 539.
Part III. Rescission of a Contract (Resolutio).
  • Arts. 540 – 548.

Title II. Gift (Donatio).

  • Arts. 549 – 554.

Title III. Sale (Emptio venditio).

Part I. General Provisions.
  • Arts. 555 – 559.
Part II. Effect of a Sale.
  • Arts. 560 – 578.
Part III. Re-purchase (Pactum de retroemendo).
  • Arts. 579 – 585.

Title IV. Exchange (Recum permutatio).

  • Art. 586.

Title V. Loans for Consumption (Mutuum).

  • Arts. 587 – 592.

Title VI. Loans for Use (Commodatum).

  • Arts. 593 – 600.

Title VII. Hiring of Things (Locatio conductio rei).

Part I. General Provisions.
  • Arts. 601 – 604.
Part II. Effect of a Hiring of Things.
  • Arts. 605 – 616.
Part III. Termination of a Hiring of Things.
  • Arts. 617 – 622.

Title VIII. Hiring of Services (Locatio conductio operarum).

  • Arts. 623 – 631.

Title IX. Contract Work (Locatio conductio operis).

  • Arts. 632 – 642.

Title X. Mandate (Mandatum).

  • Arts. 643 – 656.

Title XI. Deposit (Depositum).

  • Arts. 657 – 666.

Title XII. Partnerships or "Association" (Societas).

  • Arts. 667 – 688.

Title XIII. Life-Annuities.

  • Arts. 689 – 694.

Title XIV. Compromise (Compromissum).

  • Arts. 695 – 696.

Chapter III. Business Management (Negoriorum gestlio).

  • Arts. 697 – 702.

Chapter IV. Unjust Enrichment.

  • Arts. 703 – 708.

Chapter V. Unlawful Acts or "Torts" (Delicta).

  • Arts. 709 – 724.

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