2468th Sec 0361

มาตรา 361

• อันสัญญาระหว่างบุคคลซึ่งอยู่ห่างกันโดยระยะทางนั้น ย่อมเกิดเป็นสัญญาขึ้นแต่เวลาเมื่อคำบอกกล่าวสนองไปถึงผู้เสนอ
• ถ้าตามเจตนาอันผู้เสนอได้แสดง หรือตามปกติประเพณีไม่จำเป็นจะต้องมีคำบอกกล่าวสนองไซร้ ท่านว่าสัญญานั้นเกิดเป็นสัญญาขึ้นในเวลาเมื่อมีการอันใดอันหนึ่งขึ้น อันจะพึงสันนิษฐานได้ว่าเป็นการแสดงเจตนาสนองรับ

Section 361. (Draft in English from Vol.79)

• [I] A contract between persons at a distance comes into existence at the time when the notice of acceptance reaches the offerer.
• [II] If according to the declared intention of the offerer or to ordinary usage no notice of acceptance is necessary, the contract comes into existence at the time of the occurrence of fact which is considered as a declaration to accept.

《References》

☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: Images in Archives

1. Old Text (1923): * 118
2. Jp. Code (1896,98): 526, 97 [=97 par.1]
3. Gr. Code (1896): [130 par.1], 151 [=151 sent.1]
4. Miscellaneous: S.O.10

《Comments》

This section would be a compound provision from two different models as follows:

• [Primary model] Old Text (1923), Sec.118;
  • ถ้ามีคำเสนอจะทำสัญญา สัญญานั้นย่อมบริบูรณ์ต่อเมื่อคำสนองมาถึงผู้เสนอ
  • [Presumed Origin] This provision is probably based on:
    • German Civil Code (1896), Secs.130 and 151;
      • Sec.130;
        • [I] A declaration of intention required to be made to another, if it is made in his absence, becomes effective at the moment when it reaches him. It does not become effective if a revocation reaches him previously or simultaneously.
        • [II] The effectiveness of the declaration is not affected by the fact that the declarant die or become incapable of disposing after making it.
        • [III] These provisions apply even if the declaration of intention is required to be made to a public authority.
      • Sec.151;
        • A contract is concluded by the acceptance of an offer, although the acceptance is not communicated to the proposer, if such a communication is not to be expected according to ordinary usage, or if the offerer has waived it. The moment at which the offer ceases to be binding is determined according to the intention of the offerer to be inferred from the offer or the circumstances.

• [Secondary model] Japanese Civil Code (1896/98), Art.130;
  • [I] A contract between persons at a distance comes into existence when the notice of acceptance is despatched.
  • [II] In case the notice of acceptance is not necessary on account of an expression of intention of the offerer to that effect or to the custom governing such transactions, the contract comes into existence when a fact has occurred which can be recognised as an expression of intention to accept it.

The other miscellaneous source is as follows:

• Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911), Art.10;
  • [I] Ist ein Vertrag unter Abwesenden zustande gekommen, so beginnen seine Wirkungen mit dem Zeitpunkte, wo die Erklärung der Annahme zur Absendung abgegeben wurde.
  • [II] Wenn eine ausdrückliche Annahme nicht erforderlich ist, so beginnen die Wirkungen des Vertrages mit dem Empfange des Antrages.