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= JAPANESE CIVIL CODE OF 1896 =


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* '''''Based on the English Translation by:''''' ''J. E. de Becker (1909 – 1910).'' Annotated Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth & Co. [Available on Google Books and Archive.org: [https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5Qaco2u_7o4s1W9cpadXDUtGbZkAuR_hHaQut6gjMlHvpalYykLnWv9f4Se0t3MQl1w-37vgbNh3RpR-0H2gY79Kw-BXR_XwNbI2_07Ni6jE2du6hFhkb2_6Zcx6vo7hIRDEvBaqv_NJYiIEWLMX5CXedpyVHv6Q1P6_SNHW2AMnMg--1Xj0Ma7YKzOEFwCf5eipTlzsVjsM41xtvh_X1O_RrMd8Y9Ebf6Jb2tUotn5zEDT2Ub6zMUBTkjx0cyeEie5_LhQhZqjZ6BGRGdZc8LKx_lg_ErQ Volume 1], [https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QaegI9wCPWpTOlRnoXqNiWluPaRBge3h2jiZ4P6RT3vlXX2uuodWLM1wmQD9ChbyhIMEd_9fL1rjRdq_Qan7QaFFtImPd35p7fVLtS0rBLtdUNaElguxKTrQQWPUMLRebyfIBNYJurr_1a43oWPMStnSPI6kOwm1GeZNrG9lvUcqbPCIIGdjJquVxCu5q0JMA2J8s8U2IESFOgGiiZlGuoDmM-Cm-w7rZ0KY5mX1OWDRYb02fCSrXKNg8Ai2fEHqr2Nwqh0_NBf79Mpg698bFzxYpRWNrZkJSErngyAkNcQP0E6IaIw Volume 2], [https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5Qacq7TF7BZ2Mva0Onc_JRMYJQAXz2U3dbhekJ2fpnfo6zNTJJZpteiQ0TcjZi8lsq5E1m1uvE-axTCy2UPUtAHFeQSHkPYX-oJn_myICOZuf0Fl2ks1hOI1gpjOofsfMKYMJOmHXS25oFgt2JsUJ7P7uA2yz9NMH2g5rV-7wW_ayQGdgc6-xDPutfq0pNHl1zOn7L2veE-eaUcc37GqRGAITIMVwKyUcr1iG5_6K0BeHPUw-JstIcIdQmO2r8ZsXa4K75kcDNaGa-N9tpCIDS4z8Arftpw Volume 3], [https://archive.org/details/annotatedcivilco0000japa/page/n5/mode/2up Volume 4]]
* '''''"INDEX TO ARTICLES'''''" in his another work offers additional information: ''J. E. de Becker (1921).'' The Principles and Practice of Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth & Co. [Available on [https://archive.org/details/cu31924025036025/mode/2up Archive.org]]
* [[明治29年法律第89号|Original Version in Japanese.]]
 
== BOOK I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES. ==
 
=== Chapter I. Persons. ===
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter01 Title01|Title I. Enjoyment of Private Rights.]] ====
 
* Arts. 1 – 2.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter01 Title02|Title II. Capacity.]] ====
 
* Arts. 3 – 20.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter01 Title03|Title III. Domicile.]] ====
 
* Arts. 21 – 24.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter01 Title04|Title IV. Disappearance.]] ====
 
* Arts. 25 – 32.
 
=== Chapter II. Juridical Persons. ===
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter02 Title01|Title I. Creation of Juridical Persons.]] ====
 
* Arts. 33 – 51.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter02 Title02|Title II. Management of Juridical Persons.]] ====
 
* Arts. 52 – 67.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter02 Title03|Title III. Dissolution of a Juridical Person.]] ====
 
* Arts. 68 – 83.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter02 Title04|Title IV. Penalties.]] ====
 
* Art. 84.
 
=== [[Book1 Chapter03|Chapter III. Things.]] ===
 
* Arts. 85 – 89.
 
=== Chapter IV. Juristic Acts ===
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====
 
* Arts. 90 – 92.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title02|Title II. Expression of Intention.]] ====
 
* Arts. 93 – 98.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title03|Title III. Representation.]] ====
 
* Arts. 99 – 118.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title04|Title IV. Void and Voidable Acts.]] ====
 
* Arts. 119 – 126.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter04 Title05|Title V. Conditions and Limitation of Time.]] ====
 
* Arts. 127 – 137.
 
=== [[Book1 Chapter05|Chapter V. Period of Time.]] ===
 
* Arts. 138 – 143.
 
=== Chapter VI. Prescription. ===
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter06 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====
 
* Arts. 144 – 161.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter06 Title02|Title II. Acquisitive Prescription.]] ====
 
* Arts. 162 – 165.
 
==== [[Book1 Chapter06 Title03|Title III. Extinctive Prescription.]] ====
 
* Arts. 166 – 174.
 
== BOOK II. REAL RIGHTS. ==
 
=== [[Book2 Chapter01|Chapter I. General Provisions.]] ===
 
*Arts. 175 – 179.
 
=== Chapter II. Possessory Rights. ===
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter02 Title01|Title I. Acquisition of Possessory Rights.]] ====
 
*Arts. 180 – 187.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter02 Title02|Title II. Validity of Possessory Rights.]] ====
 
*Arts. 188 – 202.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter02 Title03|Title III. Extinction of Possessory Rights.]] ====
 
*Arts. 203 – 204.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter02 Title04|Title IV. Quasi-Possession.]] ====
 
*Art. 205.
 
=== Chapter III. Ownership. ===
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter03 Title01|Title I. Extent of Ownership.]] ====
 
*Arts. 206 – 238.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter03 Title02|Title II. Acquisition of Ownership.]] ====
 
*Arts. 239 – 248.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter03 Title03|Title III. Joint Ownership.]] ====
 
*Arts. 249 – 264.
 
=== [[Book2 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Superficies.]] ===
 
*Arts. 265 – 269.
 
=== [[Book2 Chapter05|Chapter V. Emphyteusis.]] ===
 
*Arts. 270 – 279.
 
=== [[Book2 Chapter06|Chapter VI. Servitudes.]] ===
 
*Arts. 280 – 294.
 
=== [[Book2 Chapter07|Chapter VII. Liens.]] ===
 
*Arts. 295 – 302.
 
=== Chapter VIII. Preferential Rights. ===
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====
 
*Arts. 303 – 305.
 
==== Title II. Classes of Preferential Rights. ====
 
===== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title02 Part01|Part I. General Preferential Rights.]] =====
 
*Arts. 306 – 310.
 
===== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title02 Part02|Part II. Preferential Rights in Movables.]] =====
 
*Arts. 311 – 324.
 
===== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title02 Part03|Part III. Preferential Rights in Immovables.]] =====
 
*Arts. 325 – 328.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title03|Title III. Ranks of Preferential Rights.]] ====
 
*Arts. 329 – 332.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter08 Title04|Title IV. Effect of Preferential Rights.]] ====
 
*Arts. 333 – 341.
 
=== Chapter IX. Pledge (PIGNUS). ===
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter09 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====
 
*Arts. 342 – 351.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter09 Title02|Title II. Pledges of Movables.]] ====
 
*Arts. 352 – 355.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter09 Title03|Title III. Pledges of Immovables.]] ====
 
*Arts. 356 – 361.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter09 Title04|Title IV. Pledges of Rights.]] ====
 
*Arts. 362 – 368.
 
=== Chapter X. Mortgages (HYPOTHECA). ===
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter10 Title01|Title I. General Provisions.]] ====
 
*Arts. 369 – 372.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter10 Title02|Title II. Effect of Mortgage.]] ====
 
*Arts. 373 – 395.
 
==== [[Book2 Chapter10 Title03|Title III. Extinction of Mortgages.]] ====
 
*Arts. 396 – 398.
 
== BOOK III. OBLIGATIONS (or CLAIMS). ==
 
=== Chapter I. General Provisions. ===
 
==== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title01|Title I. Subjects of Obligations.]] ====
 
*Arts. 399 – 411.
 
==== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title02|Title II. Effect of Obligations.]] ====
 
*Arts. 412 – 426.
 
==== Title III. Obligations with a Plurality of Parties. ====
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title03 Part01|Part. I. General Provisions.]] =====
 
*Art. 427.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title03 Part02|Part II. Indivisible Obligations.]] =====
 
*Arts. 428 – 431.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title03 Part03|Part III. Joint Obligations.]] =====
 
*Arts. 432 – 445.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title03 Part04|Part IV. Suretyship.]] =====
 
*Arts. 446 – 465.
 
==== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title04|Title IV. Assignment of Obligations.]] ====
 
*Arts. 466 – 473.
 
==== Title V. Extinction of Obligations. ====
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part01|Part I. Performance.]] =====
 
*Arts. 474 – 504.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part02|Part II. Set-off (Compensatio).]] =====
 
*Arts. 505 – 512.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part03|Part III. Novation (Novatio).]] =====
 
*Arts. 513 – 518.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part04|Part IV. Remission (Release).]] =====
 
*Art. 519.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter01 Title05 Part05|Part V. Confusion (Confusio).]] =====
 
*Art. 520.
 
=== Chapter II. Contracts. ===
 
==== Title I. General Provisions. ====
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter02 Title01 Part01|Part I. Formation of a Contract.]] =====
 
*Arts. 521 – 522.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter02 Title01 Part02|Part II. Effect of a Contract.]] =====
 
*Arts. 523 – 539.
 
===== [[Book3 Chapter02 Title01 Part03|Part III. Rescission of a Contract (Resolutio).]] =====
 
*Arts. 540 – 548.
 
==== Title II. Gift (Donatio). ====
 
*Arts. 549 – 554.
 
==== Title III. Sale (Emptio venditio). ====
 
===== Part I. General Provisions. =====
 
*Arts. 555 – 559.
 
===== Part II. Effect of a Sale. =====
 
*Arts. 560 – 578.
 
===== Part III. Re-purchase (Pactum de retroemendo). =====
 
*Arts. 579 – 585.
 
==== Title IV. Exchange (Recum permutatio). ====
 
*Art. 586.
 
==== Title V. Loans for Consumption (Mutuum). ====
 
*Arts. 587 – 592.
 
==== Title VI. Loans for Use (Commodatum). ====
 
*Arts. 593 – 600.
 
==== Title VII. Hiring of Things (Locatio conductio rei). ====
 
===== Part I. General Provisions. =====
 
*Arts. 601 – 604.
 
===== Part II. Effect of a Hiring of Things. =====
 
*Arts. 605 – 616.
 
===== Part III. Termination of a Hiring of Things. =====
 
*Arts. 617 – 622.
 
==== Title VIII. Hiring of Services (Locatio conductio operarum). ====
 
*Arts. 623 – 631.
 
==== Title IX. Contract Work (Locatio conductio operis). ====
 
*Arts. 632 – 642.
 
==== Title X. Mandate (Mandatum). ====
 
*Arts. 643 – 656.
 
==== Title XI. Deposit (Depositum). ====
 
*Arts. 657 – 666.
 
==== Title XII. Partnerships (Societas). ====
 
*Arts. 667 – 688.
 
==== Title XIII. Life-Annuities. ====
 
*Arts. 689 – 694.
 
==== Title XIV. Compromise (Compromissum). ====
 
*Arts. 695 – 696.
 
=== [[Book3 Chapter03|Chapter III. Business Management (Negoriorum gestlio).]] ===
 
*Arts. 697 – 702.
 
=== [[Book3 Chapter04|Chapter IV. Unjust Enrichment.]] ===
 
*Arts. 703 – 708.
 
=== [[Book3 Chapter05|Chapter V. Unlawful Acts or "Torts" (Delicta).]] ===
 
*Arts. 709 – 724.


== Getting started ==
== Getting started ==

Revision as of 15:36, 22 September 2024

JAPANESE CIVIL CODE OF 1896

  • Based on the English Translation by: J. E. de Becker (1909 – 1910). Annotated Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth & Co. [Available on Google Books and Archive.org: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4]
  • "INDEX TO ARTICLES" in his another work offers additional information: J. E. de Becker (1921). The Principles and Practice of Civil Code of Japan. London: Butterworth & Co. [Available on Archive.org]
  • Original Version in Japanese.

BOOK I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES.

Chapter I. Persons.

Title I. Enjoyment of Private Rights.

  • Arts. 1 – 2.

Title II. Capacity.

  • Arts. 3 – 20.

Title III. Domicile.

  • Arts. 21 – 24.

Title IV. Disappearance.

  • Arts. 25 – 32.

Chapter II. Juridical Persons.

Title I. Creation of Juridical Persons.

  • Arts. 33 – 51.

Title II. Management of Juridical Persons.

  • Arts. 52 – 67.

Title III. Dissolution of a Juridical Person.

  • Arts. 68 – 83.

Title IV. Penalties.

  • Art. 84.

Chapter III. Things.

  • Arts. 85 – 89.

Chapter IV. Juristic Acts

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 90 – 92.

Title II. Expression of Intention.

  • Arts. 93 – 98.

Title III. Representation.

  • Arts. 99 – 118.

Title IV. Void and Voidable Acts.

  • Arts. 119 – 126.

Title V. Conditions and Limitation of Time.

  • Arts. 127 – 137.

Chapter V. Period of Time.

  • Arts. 138 – 143.

Chapter VI. Prescription.

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 144 – 161.

Title II. Acquisitive Prescription.

  • Arts. 162 – 165.

Title III. Extinctive Prescription.

  • Arts. 166 – 174.

BOOK II. REAL RIGHTS.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 175 – 179.

Chapter II. Possessory Rights.

Title I. Acquisition of Possessory Rights.

  • Arts. 180 – 187.

Title II. Validity of Possessory Rights.

  • Arts. 188 – 202.

Title III. Extinction of Possessory Rights.

  • Arts. 203 – 204.

Title IV. Quasi-Possession.

  • Art. 205.

Chapter III. Ownership.

Title I. Extent of Ownership.

  • Arts. 206 – 238.

Title II. Acquisition of Ownership.

  • Arts. 239 – 248.

Title III. Joint Ownership.

  • Arts. 249 – 264.

Chapter IV. Superficies.

  • Arts. 265 – 269.

Chapter V. Emphyteusis.

  • Arts. 270 – 279.

Chapter VI. Servitudes.

  • Arts. 280 – 294.

Chapter VII. Liens.

  • Arts. 295 – 302.

Chapter VIII. Preferential Rights.

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 303 – 305.

Title II. Classes of Preferential Rights.

Part I. General Preferential Rights.
  • Arts. 306 – 310.
Part II. Preferential Rights in Movables.
  • Arts. 311 – 324.
Part III. Preferential Rights in Immovables.
  • Arts. 325 – 328.

Title III. Ranks of Preferential Rights.

  • Arts. 329 – 332.

Title IV. Effect of Preferential Rights.

  • Arts. 333 – 341.

Chapter IX. Pledge (PIGNUS).

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 342 – 351.

Title II. Pledges of Movables.

  • Arts. 352 – 355.

Title III. Pledges of Immovables.

  • Arts. 356 – 361.

Title IV. Pledges of Rights.

  • Arts. 362 – 368.

Chapter X. Mortgages (HYPOTHECA).

Title I. General Provisions.

  • Arts. 369 – 372.

Title II. Effect of Mortgage.

  • Arts. 373 – 395.

Title III. Extinction of Mortgages.

  • Arts. 396 – 398.

BOOK III. OBLIGATIONS (or CLAIMS).

Chapter I. General Provisions.

Title I. Subjects of Obligations.

  • Arts. 399 – 411.

Title II. Effect of Obligations.

  • Arts. 412 – 426.

Title III. Obligations with a Plurality of Parties.

Part. I. General Provisions.
  • Art. 427.
Part II. Indivisible Obligations.
  • Arts. 428 – 431.
Part III. Joint Obligations.
  • Arts. 432 – 445.
Part IV. Suretyship.
  • Arts. 446 – 465.

Title IV. Assignment of Obligations.

  • Arts. 466 – 473.

Title V. Extinction of Obligations.

Part I. Performance.
  • Arts. 474 – 504.
Part II. Set-off (Compensatio).
  • Arts. 505 – 512.
Part III. Novation (Novatio).
  • Arts. 513 – 518.
Part IV. Remission (Release).
  • Art. 519.
Part V. Confusion (Confusio).
  • Art. 520.

Chapter II. Contracts.

Title I. General Provisions.

Part I. Formation of a Contract.
  • Arts. 521 – 522.
Part II. Effect of a Contract.
  • Arts. 523 – 539.
Part III. Rescission of a Contract (Resolutio).
  • Arts. 540 – 548.

Title II. Gift (Donatio).

  • Arts. 549 – 554.

Title III. Sale (Emptio venditio).

Part I. General Provisions.
  • Arts. 555 – 559.
Part II. Effect of a Sale.
  • Arts. 560 – 578.
Part III. Re-purchase (Pactum de retroemendo).
  • Arts. 579 – 585.

Title IV. Exchange (Recum permutatio).

  • Art. 586.

Title V. Loans for Consumption (Mutuum).

  • Arts. 587 – 592.

Title VI. Loans for Use (Commodatum).

  • Arts. 593 – 600.

Title VII. Hiring of Things (Locatio conductio rei).

Part I. General Provisions.
  • Arts. 601 – 604.
Part II. Effect of a Hiring of Things.
  • Arts. 605 – 616.
Part III. Termination of a Hiring of Things.
  • Arts. 617 – 622.

Title VIII. Hiring of Services (Locatio conductio operarum).

  • Arts. 623 – 631.

Title IX. Contract Work (Locatio conductio operis).

  • Arts. 632 – 642.

Title X. Mandate (Mandatum).

  • Arts. 643 – 656.

Title XI. Deposit (Depositum).

  • Arts. 657 – 666.

Title XII. Partnerships (Societas).

  • Arts. 667 – 688.

Title XIII. Life-Annuities.

  • Arts. 689 – 694.

Title XIV. Compromise (Compromissum).

  • Arts. 695 – 696.

Chapter III. Business Management (Negoriorum gestlio).

  • Arts. 697 – 702.

Chapter IV. Unjust Enrichment.

  • Arts. 703 – 708.

Chapter V. Unlawful Acts or "Torts" (Delicta).

  • Arts. 709 – 724.

Getting started

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