2468th Sec 0372
From Thai Codification Codes of 1925
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มาตรา 372
- นอกจากกรณีที่กล่าวไว้ในสองมาตราก่อน ถ้าการชำระหนี้ตกเป็นพ้นวิสัยเพราะเหตุอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งอันจะโทษฝ่ายหนึ่งฝ่ายใดก็ไม่ได้ไซร้ ท่านว่าลูกหนี้หามีสิทธิจะรับชำระหนี้ตอบแทนไม่
- ถ้าการชำระหนี้ตกเป็นพ้นวิสัยเพราะเหตุอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่งอันจะโทษเจ้าหนี้ได้ ลูกหนี้ก็หาเสียสิทธิที่จะรับชำระหนี้ตอบแทนไม่ แต่ว่าลูกหนี้ได้อะไรไว้เพราะการปลดหนี้ก็ดี หรือใช้คุณวุฒิความสามารถของตนเป็นประการอื่นเป็นเหตุให้ได้อะไรมา หรือแกล้งละเลยเสียไม่ขวนขวายเอาอะไรที่สามารถจะทำได้ก็ดี มากน้อยเท่าไร จะต้องเอามาหักกับจำนวนอันตนจะได้รับชำระหนี้ตอบแทน วิธีเดียวกันนี้ท่านให้ใช้ตลอดถึงกรณีที่การชำระหนี้อันฝ่ายหนึ่งยังค้างชำระอยู่นั้นตกเป็นพ้นวิสัย เพราะพฤติการณ์อันใดอันหนึ่งซึ่งฝ่ายนั้นมิต้องรับผิดชอบ ในเวลาเมื่ออีกฝ่ายหนึ่งผิดนัดไม่รับชำระหนี้
Section 372. (Draft in English from Vol.79)
- [I] Except in the cases mentioned in the two foregoing sections, if an obligation becomes impossible of performance by a cause not attributable to either party, the debtor has no right to receive the counter performance.
- [II] If performance becomes impossible by a cause attributable to the creditor, the debtor does not lose his right to the counter performance. He must, however, deduct what he saves in consequence of release from the performance, or what he acquires or maliciously omits to acquire by a different application of his faculties. The same rule applies if the performance due from one party becomes impossible, in consequence of a circumstance for which he is not responsible, at the time when the other party is in default to acceptance.
《References》
☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: Images in Archives
《Comments》
This section would be a compound provision from two different models as follows (⇒ Visualization):
- [Primary model] Japanese Civil Code (1896/98), Art.536;
- [I] In cases other than those provided in the preceding two Articles, if performance of an obligation has become impossible owing to a cause imputable to neither of the parties concerned, the debtor has no right to receive the counter-prestation.
- [II] If performance has become impossible owing to a cause imputable to the creditor, the debtor does not lose his right to receive the counter-prestation; but if he has received any benefit by being freed from his obligation, such benefit must be returned to the creditor.
- [Secondary model] German Civil Code (1896), Secs.323 and 324;
- Sec.323;
- [I] If the performance due from one party under a mutual contract becomes impossible in consequence of a circumstance for which neither he nor the other party is responsible, he loses the claim to counter-performance; in case of partial impossibility the counter-performance is diminished in conformity with 472, 473.
- [II] If the other party demands delivery under 281 of the substitute received for the object owed, or assignment of the claim for compensation, he remains bound to effect the counter-performance; this is diminished, however, in conformity with 472, 473, in so far as the value of the substitute or of the claim for compensation is less than of the value of the performance due.
- [III] If the counter-performance has been effected which according to these provisions was not due, the value of the performance effected may be demanded back under the provisions relating to the return of unjustified benefits.
- Sec.324;
- [I] If the performance due from one party under a mutual contract becomes impossible in consequence of a circumstance for which the other party is responsible, he retains his claim for counter-performance. He must, however, deduct what he saves in consequence of release from the performance, or what he acquires or maliciously omits to acquire by a different application of his faculties.
- [II] The same rule applies if the performance due from one party becomes impossible, in consequence of a circumstance for which he is not responsible, at the time when the other party is in default of acceptance.
- Sec.323;
