2471th Sec 0475

ลักษณะ ๑ ซื้อขาย

หมวด ๒ หน้าที่และความรับผิดของผู้ขาย

ส่วนที่ ๓ ความรับผิดการรอนสิทธิ

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มาตรา 475

• หากว่ามีบุคคลผู้ใดมาก่อการรบกวนขัดสิทธิของผู้ซื้อในอันจะครองทรัพย์สินโดยปกติสุข เพราะบุคคลผู้นั้นมีสิทธิเหนือทรัพย์สินที่ได้ซื้อขายกันนั้นอยู่ในเวลาซื้อขายก็ดี เพราะความผิดของผู้ขายก็ดี ท่านว่าผู้ขายจะต้องรับผิดในผลอันนั้น

Section 475. (Draft in English from Vol.93)

• The seller is liable for the consequences of any disturbance caused to the peaceful possession of the buyer by any person having over the property sold a right existing at the time of sale or by the fault of the seller.

《Genealogies》

1. Draft of 1919: Ob.412
2. Draft of April 1924: 477
3. Book III of January 1925: 475

《References》

☆ quoted from “INDEX” (→Original Table in Vol.54) with supplementary entries in […]

1. Fr. Code (1804): [1626], 1628 [??], [1638]
2. Gr. Code (1896): [434], [440]
3. Swiss Code (1911): * [S.O.192(I)]
4. Jp. Code (1896): [560], [561], [563], [566], [567]
5. English Law: [Sale of Goods Act 12]
6. Miscellaneous: Plan.II No.1492

《Comments》

The most plausible model for this section would be:

• Scweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911), Art.192;
  • [I] Der Verkäufer hat dafür Gewähr zu leisten, dass nicht ein Dritter aus Rechtsgründen, die schon zur Zeit des Vertragsabschlusses bestanden haben, den Kaufgegenstand dem Käufer ganz oder teilweise entziehe.
  • [II] Kannte der Käufer zur Zeit des Vertragsabschlusses die Gefahr der Entwehrung, so hat der Verkäufer nur insofern Gewähr zu leisten, als er sich ausdrücklich dazu verpflichtet hat.
  • [III] Eine Vereinbarung über Aufhebung oder Beschränkung der Gewährspflicht ist ungültig, wenn der Verkäufer das Recht des Dritten absichtlich verschwiegen hat.

The other relevant sources are as follows:

• French Civil Code (1804);
  • Art.1626;
    • Although at the time of dale no stipulation have been made respecting warranty, the seller is obliged by the law to warrant the purchaser against eviction which he may sustain in the whole or part of the thing sold, or against encumbrances on such object, and not declared at the time of sale.
  • Art.1638;
    • If the estate sold be found to be burdened, a declaration thereof having been made, with non-apparent servitudes, which shall be of such importance that there is ground for presuming that the purchaser would not have bought if he had been informed thereof, he may demand to have the contract rescinded, unless he shall rather prefer an indemnity.
• German Civil Code (1896);
  • Sec.434;
    • The seller is bound to transfer to the purchaser the sold object free from rights enforceable by third parties against the purchaser.
  • Sec.440;
    • [I] If the seller does not fulfil the obligations imposed upon him by 433 to 437, 439, the rights of the purchaser are determined according to the provisions of 320 to 327.
    • [II] If a moveable has been sold and delivered to the purchaser for the purpose of transfer of ownership, the purchaser may not demand compensation for non-performance on account of the right of a third party involving the possession of the thing, unless he has delivered the thing to the third party in consideration of his right, or has returned it to the seller, or unless the thing has been destroyed.
    • [III] It is equivalent to delivery of the thing to the third party, if the third party become heir to the purchaser, or vice versa, or if the purchaser acquires the right of the third party in any other manner, or buys out the third party.
    • [IV] If the purchaser has a claim for delivery against another person, the assignment of the claim is sufficient in lieu of the return of the thing.
• Sale of Goods Act (1893), Sec.12;
  • In a contract of sale, unless the circumstances of the contract are such as to show a different intention, there is:
    • (1) An implied condition on the part of the seller that in the case of a sale he has a right to sell the goods, and that, in the case of an agreement to sell, he will have a right to sell the goods at the time when the property is to pass;
    • (2) An implied warranty that the buyer shall have and enjoy quiet possession of the goods;
    • (3) An implied warranty that the goods shall be free from any charge or encumbrance in favour of any third party, not declared or known to the buyer before or at the time when the contract is made.