2468th Sec 0145

มาตรา 145

• นีติกรรมใดมีเงื่อนไขเป็นเงื่อนบังคับก่อน นีติกรรมนั้นย่อมเป็นผลต่อเมื่อเงื่อนไขนั้นสำเร็จแล้ว
• นีติกรรมใดมีเงื่อนไขเป็นเงื่อนบังคับหลัง นีติกรรมนั้นย่อมสิ้นผลในเมื่อเงื่อนไขนั้นสำเร็จแล้ว
• ถ้าคู่กรณีแห่งนีติกรรมได้แสดงเจตนาไว้ด้วยกันว่าความสำเร็จแห่งเงื่อนไขนั้น ให้มีผลย้อนหลังไปถึงเวลาใดเวลาหนึ่งก่อนสำเร็จ ก็ให้เป็นไปตามเจตนาเช่นนั้น

Section 145. (Draft in English from Vol.79)

• [I] A juristic act subject to a condition precedent takes effect when the condition is fulfilled.
• [II] A juristic act subject to a condition subsequent ceases to have effect when the condition in fulfilled.
• [III] If the parties to the act have declared an intention that the effect of the fulfilment of a condition shall relate back to a time before its fulfilment, such intention is to govern.

《References》

☆ quoted from “INDEX” with supplementary entries in […]: Images in Archives

1. Old Text (1923):
2. New Text (1992): 183
3. Jp. Code (1896,98): *127
4. Gr. Code (1896): [158], [159]
5. Miscellaneous: [Fr.1168, 1183; S.O.151, 154]

《Comments》

The most plausible model for this section would be:

• Japanese Civil Code (1896,98), Art.127:
  • [I] Juristic acts subject to a condition precedent take effect on fulfilment of the condition.
  • [II] Juristic acts subject to a condition subsequent lose their effects on fulfilment of the condition.
  • [III] When the parties concerned have expressed an intention that the effect of the fulfilment of the condition shall become operative as from previous to the fulfilment, such intention is to be followed.

The other miscellaneous sources are as follows:

• French Civil Code (1804):
  • Art.1168:
    • The obligation is conditional when it is made to depend on an event future and uncertain, either by suspending it until the event happens, or by receding therefrom accordingly as the event shall happen or not.
  • Art.1183:
    • [I] A condition dissolutory is that which, when it is accomplished, operates the revocation of the obligation, and which again puts affairs in the same state as though the obligation had never existed.
    • [II] It does not suspend the performance of the obligation; it merely obliges the creditor to restore what he may have received, in the case in which the event provided for by the condition happens.
• Schweizerisches Obligationenrecht (1911):
  • Art.151:
    • [I] Ein Vertrag, dessen Verbindlichkeit vom Eintritte einer ungewissen Tatsache abhängig gemacht wird, ist als bedingt anzusehen.
    • [II] Für den Beginn der Wirkungen ist der Zeitpunkt maßgebend, in dem die Bedingung in Erfüllung geht, sofern nicht auf eine andere Absicht der Parteien geschlossen werden muss.
  • Art.154:
    • [I] Ein Vertrag, dessen Auflösung vom Eintritte einer Bedingung abhängig gemacht worden ist, verliert seine Wirksamkeit mit dem Zeitpunkte, wo die Bedingung in Erfüllung geht.
    • [II] Eine Rückwirkung findet in der Regel nicht statt.