1919th Main Page

DRAFT: CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL CODE FOR KINGDOM OF SIAM. (1919)

• The today existing (probably) only copy of its publication is in possession of the main library of Bangkok University. The detailed information and images of the original sources are available on the Centennial Website.
• The detailed information about the genealogical relations between the Draft 1919, Codes of 1923, Codes of 1925, and Code of 1992 is available at the "French Advisers' Heritage".

Authentication Issue of the Copy of the Draft 1919 preserved in the BU Library.

Authentication Issue of the Copy.

• The only existing source of the text of the Draft 1919 is, as described above, its copy preserved in the main library of Bangkok University, which is a part of the “Phya Manava Rajsevi Library”. All the publications and other documents in this library were donated by พระยามานวราชเสวี himself. In this sense, there is no doubt about the fact that they all are authentic.

No Direct Evidence in the Archives.

• From the side of the “Council of State”, however, there is no confirmation for this authentication issue. Unfortunately, the Archives of the History of Thai Codification contain no copy of the published Draft 1919.
• Indeed, the Archives contain diverse versions of Thai translation of the "Book I on Obligations" as described in the next section below, but not its original draft in English language.

Alternative Method for Authentication.

• Fortunately, there is another method to authenticate the Copy of the "Book I on Obligations" as follows:

⇒ Please, refer to the Special Page 》

Prehistory and Thai translation of the Draft.

• The "Archives of the History of Thai Codification" contain diverse important historical documents regarding the prehistory and Thai translation of the Draft "Civil and Commercial Code for the Kingdom of Siam".

⇒ Please, refer to the Special Page 》

BOOK ON OBLIGATIONS.

PRELIMINARY.

TITLE I. Title, Commencement and Repeal.

• Secs. 1 – 3.

TITLE II. Definitions.

• Secs. 4 – 10.

TITLE III. General Provisions.

• Secs. 11 – 23.

TITLE IV. Rules for construction of documents.

• Secs. 24 – 30.

TITLE V. Periods of time.

• Secs. 31 – 39.

DIVISION I. HOW OBLIGATIONS ARISE.

TITLE I. Contracts.

Chapter I. Definition.

• Sec. 40.

Chapter II. Conditions for the validity of Contracts.

• Secs. 41 – 48.

Part I. Capacity of Parties.

• Sec. 49.

Part II. Consent.

• Secs. 50 – 51.

1. Offer and Acceptance.

• Secs. 52 – 67.

2. Defective Consent.

• Secs. 68 – 79.

3. Ratification.

• Secs. 80 – 84.

Part III. Object.

• Secs. 85 – 87.

TITLE II. Management of affairs without a mandate.

• Secs. 88 – 104.

TITLE III. Undue Enrichment.

Chapter I. Liability for undue enrichment.

• Secs. 105 – 108.

Chapter II. Restitution for undue enrichment.

• Secs. 109 – 119.

TITLE IV. Wrongful Acts.

Chapter I. Liability for Wrongful Acts.

• Secs. 120 – 126.

Chapter II. Self-Help.

• Secs. 127 – 129.

Chapter III. Lawful defence, lawful command, necessity.

• Secs. 130 – 131.

Chapter IV. Compensation for wrongful acts.

• Secs. 132 – 137.

DIVISION II. OF SOME PARTICULAR KINDS OF OBLIGATIONS.

TITLE I. Conditional Obligations.

• Secs. 138 – 142.

TITLE II. Obligations subject to a time clause.

• Secs. 143 – 146.

TITLE III. Alternative Obligations.

• Secs. 147 – 153.

TITLE IV. Plurality of creditors and debtors.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 154 – 158.

Part I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 159 – 162.

Part II. Joint Creditors.

• Secs. 163 – 177.

1. Relations between Joint Debtors and the Creditor.

• Secs. 178 – 191.

2. Relations between Joint Debtors.

• Secs. 192 – 197.

Chapter III. Indivisible Obligations.

• Secs. 198 – 199.

DIVISION III. TRANSFER OF OBLIGATIONS.

TITLE I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 200 – 204.

TITLE II. Transfer of Rights.

• Secs. 205 – 213.

TITLE III. Transfer of Liabilities.

• Secs. 214 – 217.

DIVISION IV. EFFECTS OF OBLIGATIONS.

TITLE I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 218 – 221.

TITLE II. Rights of the Creditor.

• Sec. 222.

Part I. Who may perform.

• Secs. 223 – 224.

Part II. Who is entitled to receive.

• Secs. 225 – 229.

Part III. What may performance consist of.

• Secs. 230 – 245.

Part IV. Place of performance.

• Secs. 246 – 247.

Part V. Time of performance.

• Secs. 248 – 250.

Part VI. Appropriation.

• Secs. 251 – 256.

Part I. Default of the debtor.

• Secs. 257 – 261.

Part II. Remedies of the creditor.

• Secs. 262 – 264.

Part III. Specific performance.

• Secs. 265 – 269.

Part IV. Compensation.

• Secs. 270 – 272.

Part V. Assessment of compensation for non-performance.

• Secs. 273 – 278.

Part VI. Penalty clause and earnest money.

• Secs. 279 – 287.

TITLE III. Rights of the Debtor.

Chapter I. Default of the creditor.

• Secs. 288 – 294.

Chapter II. Deposit in lieu of performance.

• Secs. 295 – 305.

DIVISION V. RIGHTS OF THE CREDITOR OVER THE PROPERTY OF THE DEBTOR.

TITLE I. Respective Rights of the Ordinary and Preferred Creditors.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 306 – 313.

Chapter II. Special Preferential Rights.

• Secs. 314 – 329.

Chapter III. General Preferential Rights.

• Secs. 330 – 332.

Chapter IV. Rank and Effects of Preferential Rights.

• Secs. 333 – 337.

TITLE II. Rights of the Creditor to Exercise the Debtor's Rights of Action.

• Secs. 338 – 342.

TITLE III. Rights of the Creditor to Cancellation of the Acts Made in Fraud of His Own Rights.

• Secs. 343 – 349.

DIVISION VI. EXTINCTION OF OBLIGATIONS.

TITLE I. Performance.

• Sec. 350.

TITLE II. Release.

• Sec. 351.

TITLE III. Set Off.

• Secs. 352 – 358.

TITLE IV. Merger.

• Sec. 359.

TITLE V. Prescription.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 360 – 382.

Chapter II. Periods of Prescription.

• Secs. 383 – 387.

DIVISION VII. SPECIFIC CONTRACTS.

TITLE I. Sale.

Part I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 388 – 392.

Part II. Transfer of Ownership.

• Secs. 393 – 395.

Part  III. Promise of Sale.

• Secs. 396 – 398.

Part I. Delivery.

• Secs. 399 – 407.

Part II. Liability for defects.

• Secs. 408 – 411.

Part III. Liability for eviction.

• Secs. 412 – 422.

Part IV. Clause for non-liability.

• Secs. 423 – 425.

Chapter III. Duty of the Buyer.

• Secs. 426 – 428.

Part I. Sale with right of redemption.

• Secs. 429 – 441.

Part II. Sale by sample. Sale on approval.

• Secs. 442 – 447.

Part III. Sale by number, quantity, weight or measure.

• Secs. 448 – 452.

Part IV. Sale by auction.

• Secs. 453 – 461.

TITLE II. Exchange.

• Secs. 462 – 464.

TITLE III. Gift.

• Secs. 465 – 486.

TITLE IV. Hire of Property.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 487 – 495.

Part I. Delivery and repair.

• Secs. 496 – 500.

Part II. Liability for defects.

• Secs. 501 – 505.

Part III. Liability for eviction.

• Secs. 506 – 515.

Part IV. Clause for non-liability.

• Sec. 516.

Chapter III. Duties and Liabilities of the Lessee.

• Secs. 517 – 533.

Chapter IV. Extinction of the Lease.

• Secs. 534 – 543.

Chapter V. Transfer of Lease and Sublease.

• Secs. 544 – 546.

TITLE V. Hire of Services.

• Secs. 547 – 559.

TITLE VI. Hire of Work.

• Secs. 560 – 586.

TITLE VII. Carriage.

Secs. 587 – 588.

Part I. General.

• Secs. 589 – 593.

Part II. Duties and liabilities of the carrier.

• Secs. 594 – 608.

Part III. Rights and duties of the sender and the consignee.

• Secs. 609 – 622.

Chapter II. Carriage of Passengers.

• Secs. 623 – 628.

TITLE VIII. Loan.

Chapter I. Loan for Use.

• Secs. 629 – 647.

Part I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 648 – 652.

Part II. Special rules for loan of money.

• Secs. 653 – 656.

TITLE IX. Deposit.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 657 – 678.

Chapter II. Special Rules for Deposit of Money.

• Secs. 679 – 680.

Chapter III. Special Rules for Innkeepers.

• Secs. 681 – 686.

TITLE X. Suretyship.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 687 – 695.

Chapter II. Effects before Performance.

• Secs. 696 – 703.

Chapter III. Effects after Performance.

• Secs. 704 – 708.

Chapter IV. Extinction of Suretyship.

• Secs. 709 – 713.

TITLE XI. Mortgage.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 714 – 728.

Chapter II. Extent of Mortgage.

• Secs. 729 – 735.

Chapter III. Rights and Duties of the Mortgagee and Mortgagor.

• Secs. 736 – 742.

Chapter IV. Enforcement of Mortgage.

• Secs. 743 – 751.

Chapter V. Rights and Duties of the Transfee of a Mortgaged Property.

• Secs. 752 – 763.

Chapter VI. Extinction of Mortgage.

• Secs. 764 – 767.

Chapter VII. Registration.

• Secs. 768 – 775.

TITLE XII. Pledge.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 776 – 792.

Chapter II. Rights and Duties of the Pledgee and Pledgor.

• Secs. 793 – 800.

Chapter III. Enforcement of Pledge.

• Secs. 801 – 809.

Chapter IV. Extinction of Pledge.

• Sec. 810.

TITLE XIII. Warehousing.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 811 – 823.

Chapter II. Warehouse Receipt and Warrant.

• Secs. 824 – 843.

TITLE XIV. Agency.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 844 – 858.

Chapter II. Duties of the Agent to the Principal.

• Secs. 859 – 864.

Chapter III. Duties of the Principal to the Agent.

• Secs. 865 – 872.

Chapter IV. Liability of the Principal and Agent to third persons.

• Secs. 873 – 879.

Chapter V. Extinction of Agency.

• Secs. 880 – 889.

Chapter VI. Subagency.

• Secs. 890 – 896.

Chapter VII. Importation Agents.

• Sec. 897.

TITLE XV. Brokerage.

• Secs. 898 – 906.

TITLE XVI. Compromise.

• Secs. 907 – 912.

TITLE XVII. Gambling and Betting.

• Secs. 913 – 915.

TITLE XVIII. Current Account.

• Secs. 916 – 924.

TITLE XIX. Insurance against Loss.

• Secs. 925 – 938.

TITLE XX. Insurance of Life.

• Secs. 939 – 951.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 952 – 963.

Part I. Drawing of a bill of exchange.

• Secs. 964 – 977.

Part II. Effects of a bill of exchange.

• Secs. 978 – 981.

Part III. Transfer and indorsement.

• Secs. 982 – 996.

1. Acceptance by drawee.

• Secs. 997 – 1008.

2. Right of recourse in case of non-acceptance.

• Secs. 1009 – 1027.

3. Acceptance for honour.

• Secs. 1028 – 1035.

Part V. Suretyship.

• Secs. 1036 – 1041.

1. General provisions.

• Secs. 1042 – 1054.

2. Right of recourse in case of non-payment.

• Secs. 1055 – 1073.

3. Payment for honour.

• Secs. 1074 – 1084.

Part VII. Bills of exchange in a set.

• Secs. 1085 – 1089.

Chapter III. Promissory Notes.

• Secs. 1090 – 1098.

Part I. General provisions.

• Secs. 1099 – 1110.

Part II. Crossed cheques.

• Secs. 1111 – 1113.

Chapter V. Prescription.

• Secs. 1114 – 1115.

Chapter VI. Forged, Stolen and Lost Bills.

• Secs. 1116 – 1128.

TITLE XXII. Partnerships and Companies.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 1129 – 1140.

Part I. Definition.

• Sec. 1141.

Part II. Relations of partners between themselves.

• Secs. 1142 – 1165.

Part III. Relations of partners with third persons.

• Secs. 1166 – 1171.

Part IV. Dissolution and liquidation of ordinary partnerships.

• Secs. 1172 – 1177.

Part V. Registration of ordinary partnerships.

• Secs. 1178 – 1189.

Part VI. Amalgamation of registered partnerships.

• Secs. 1190 – 1193.

Chapter III. Limited Partnerships.

• Secs. 1194 – 1215.

Part I. Nature and formation of limited companies.

• Secs. 1216 – 1244.

Part II. Shares and shareholders.

• Secs. 1245 – 1274.

1. General.

• Secs. 1275 – 1280.

2. Directors.

• Secs. 1281 – 1303.

3. General meetings.

• Secs. 1304 – 1330.

4. Balance-sheet.

• Secs. 1331 – 1334.

5. Dividends and interests.

• Secs. 1335 – 1340.

6. Books and accounts.

• Secs. 1341 – 1342.

Part IV. Audit.

• Secs. 1343 – 1349.

Part V. Inspection.

• Secs. 1350 – 1354.

Part VI. Increases and reductions of capital.

• Secs. 1355 – 1365.

Part VII. Debentures.

• Secs. 1366 – 1373.

Part VIII. Dissolution.

• Sec. 1374.

Part IX. Amalgamation of limited companies.

• Secs. 1375 – 1380.

Part X. Notices.

• Secs. 1381 – 1382.

Chapter V. Liquidation of Registered Partnerships, Limited Partnerships and Limited Companies.

• Secs. 1383 – 1410.

Chapter VI. Penalties.

• Secs. 1411 – 1429.

TITLE XXIII. Associations.

• Secs. 1430 – 1463.

BOOK ON CAPACITY OF PERSONS.

PRELIMINARY.

• Sec. 1.

DIVISION I. Natural Persons.

• Sec. 2.

TITLE I. General Provisions.

Chapter I. Age.

• Secs. 3 – 7.

Chapter II. Name.

• Secs. 8 – 18.

Chapter III. Signature.

• Secs. 19 – 20.

Chapter IV. Witness.

• Secs. 21 – 21.

Chapter V. Residence.

• Secs. 22 – 23.

Chapter VI. Disappearance.

• Secs. 24 – 37.

TITLE II. Incapacitated Persons.

Chapter I. Married Women.

• Sec. 38.

I. Representation of minors.

• Secs. 39 – 51.

1° Management by parent.

• Secs. 52 – 67.

2° Management by Guardian.

• Secs. 68 – 73.

III. Acts done by a minor.

• Secs. 74 – 81.

I. Representation of persons with unsound mind.

• Secs. 82 – 89.

II. Management of the property of a person of unsound mind by his lawful representative.

• Secs. 90 – 92.

III. Acts done by a person of unsound mind.

• Secs. 93 – 95.

DIVISION II. Juristic Persons.

TITLE I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 96 – 103.

TITLE II. Foundations.

• Secs. 104 – 120.

BOOK ON THINGS.

DIVISION I. General Provisions.

TITLE I. Different Kind of Things.

• Secs. 1 – 10.

TITLE II. Domain of the State.

• Secs. 11 – 18.

DIVISION II. Ownership.

TITLE I. Acquisition of Ownership.

Chapter I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 19 – 27.

Chapter II. Acquisition by the Effect of Law.

• Secs. 28 – 39.

Chapter III. Acquisition by way of Occupation.

• Secs. 40 – 45.

Chapter IV. Acquisition by way of Usucapion.

• Sec. 46.

Chapter V. Acquisition by way of Inheritance or by the Effect of Obligations.

• Sec. 47.

TITLE II. Extent and Exercise of Ownership.

• Secs. 48 – 59.

TITLE III. Joint-Ownership.

• Secs. 60 – 70.

TITLE IV. Surrender and Abandonment.

• Secs. 71 – 72.

TITLE V. Expropriation.

• Secs. 73 – 94.

DIVISION III. Possession.

TITLE I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 95 – 108.

TITLE II. Usucapion.

• Secs. 109 – 115.

TITLE III. Recover of Possession.

• Secs. 116 – 125.

DIVISION IV. Servitudes.

TITLE I. General Provisions.

• Secs. 126 – 134.

TITLE II. Real Servitudes Established by Law.

• Secs. 135 – 145.

TITLE III. Real Servitudes Created by Contract or Will.

• Secs. 146 – 152.

TITLE IV. Other Servitudes.

Chapter I. Habitation.

• Secs. 153 – 161.

Chapter II. Superficies.

• Secs. 162 – 167.

Chapter III. Charges on Land.

• Sec. 168.

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